Ch. 12 Sec. 4 The British Take Over India

Britain in India British East India Company 1600s - win trading rights on the fringe of Mughal empire Company’s influence grew as Mughal power declined mid-1800s - controlled 3/5 of India much like a nation would control Exploited disunity Company’s army overpowered local rulers British East India Company 1600s - win trading rights on the fringe of Mughal empire Company’s influence grew as Mughal power declined mid-1800s - controlled 3/5 of India much like a nation would control Exploited disunity Company’s army overpowered local rulers

Company Policy Main goal: Get rich Also worked to improve roads, preserve peace and reduce banditry Indians resented: Influence of social change Religion, caste system, customs (sati) Unpopular moves with the sepoy Required to serve anywhere (against faith) New rifles - bite off cartridges (greased w/ fat) Main goal: Get rich Also worked to improve roads, preserve peace and reduce banditry Indians resented: Influence of social change Religion, caste system, customs (sati) Unpopular moves with the sepoy Required to serve anywhere (against faith) New rifles - bite off cartridges (greased w/ fat)

Sepoy Rebellion Refusal to load rifles led to no pay Angry sepoys rose up against British officers Some brutal massacres of British British soon crushed the revolt Left bitter legacy of feat, hatred and mistrulst Parliament ended the rule of East India Co. and put directly under the British crown Viceroy governed in name of the monarch Refusal to load rifles led to no pay Angry sepoys rose up against British officers Some brutal massacres of British British soon crushed the revolt Left bitter legacy of feat, hatred and mistrulst Parliament ended the rule of East India Co. and put directly under the British crown Viceroy governed in name of the monarch

British Impact Incorporate India into the British economy Helped modernize Railroads, telegraph networks Ruined Hand-weaving industry with machine-made textiles Encouraging cash crops led to deforestation and famines The Debate Western technology or Hindu/Muslim culture Ram Mohun Roy combined both views Learn from the West (English-style education) Reform traditional Indian culture Incorporate India into the British economy Helped modernize Railroads, telegraph networks Ruined Hand-weaving industry with machine-made textiles Encouraging cash crops led to deforestation and famines The Debate Western technology or Hindu/Muslim culture Ram Mohun Roy combined both views Learn from the West (English-style education) Reform traditional Indian culture

Traditions continued Condemned Caste, child marriage, sati, purdah Revive Pride in Indian culture Theology, philosophy Literary classics Many British were ignorant of the value of Indian achievements Condemned Caste, child marriage, sati, purdah Revive Pride in Indian culture Theology, philosophy Literary classics Many British were ignorant of the value of Indian achievements

Indian National Congress Western educated Indians led the nationalist movement of Western ideals and ending imperial rule Greater democracy bringing more power to Indians Supported Western-style modernization Pursued eventual self-rule Early years saw Muslims and Hindus working side by side 1906 Muslims formed the Muslim League Resented Hindu domination of Congress Western educated Indians led the nationalist movement of Western ideals and ending imperial rule Greater democracy bringing more power to Indians Supported Western-style modernization Pursued eventual self-rule Early years saw Muslims and Hindus working side by side 1906 Muslims formed the Muslim League Resented Hindu domination of Congress