Methods of Landfilling ENVM 649: Principles of Waste Management and Pollution Control Dr. Robert Beauchamp
AREA METHOD EXCAVATION - FLAT SURFACE COMPACTION/LINER SUCCESSIVE LAYERS-WASTE INTERMEDIATE COVER-SOIL
RAMP METHOD FOR SLOPING SURFACE EXCAVATE WORKING FACE COMPACTION & COVER WITH SOIL
TRENCH METHOD EXCAVATE PARALLEL TRENCHES/NO LINER CONSTRUCT BERMS TRENCHES PERPENDICULAR TO WIND DIRECTION COVER WITH SOIL
LANDFILL CAPACITY/AIR SPACE CONSIDERATIONS-AREA TO BE COVERED, DEPTH OF WASTE, RATIO OF WASTE TO SOIL. RATIO OF 4 TO 1 IS BEST. AIR SPACE: THE VOLUME AVAILABLE INTO WHICH WASTE AND COVER CAN BE PLACED.
DISADVANTAGES OF A SANITARY LANDFILL AESTHETICS (LITTER) GASES LEACHATE BIRDS FIRES ODORS PESTS INJURY FROM SCAVENGING
GAS CONTROL > 5% = EXPLOSIVE METHANE KILLS VEGETATION GAS MIGRATION FOLLOWS PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE. BAROMETRIC PRESSURE EFFECTS. SOIL EFFECTS
GAS RECOVERY SYSTEMS PASSIVE VENTS - TRENCHES OR GAS VENTED TO ATMOSPHERE. ACTIVE SYSTEM - REMOVES GAS UNDER VACUUM FROM LANDFILL.
CONTROL GAS MIGRATION NOTE: ANY TRACE CONTAMINANTS CAN BE INSTALL RECOVERY WELLS NEAR LANDFILL PERIMETER. IF METHANE CONCENTRATION > 15% WILL SUPPORT FLAME, GAS CAN BE FLARED METHANE CONCENTRATION > 35% - RECOVER ENERGY. NOTE: ANY TRACE CONTAMINANTS CAN BE CAPTURED BY PASSING GAS THROUGH A CARBON FILTER.
LEACHATE CONTROL WATER PASSING THROUGH WASTE CREATES LEACHATE. LEACHATE GENERATION: RATES = AMOUNT OF H2O IN = AMOUNT OF LEACHATE OUT (LAG). INFLUENCED BY: CLIMATE SITE TOPO. VEGETATIVE COVER FINAL SOIL COVER OPERATING PROCEDURES.
PREDICTING LEACHATE PRODUCTION RATES PROCEDURE: CALCULATE A WATER BALANCE HELP MODEL - CALCULATES A WATER BALANCE SIMULATES WATER MOVEMENT.
PREVENTING LEACHATE MOVEMENT INTO UNDERLYING SOIL REGULATORY AGENCIES REQUIRE LINER TO HAVE A PERMEABILITY < 10-7 CM/SEC.
LEACHATE REMOVAL = OR > 1 FOOT OF LEACHATE COLLECTION PIPES TO A STORAGE TANK & REMOVAL.
LEACHATE TREATMENT OPTIONS RECYCLING THROUGH THE LANDFILL ON-SITE TREATMENT DISCHARGE TO A SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT. COMBINATION OF APPROACHES