Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation Section 1

Learning Targets I can list the major reasons why the nation’s population became larger and younger between 1780 and 1830 I can describe the westward movement of white and African American pioneers to west of the Appalachians I can explain how Native Americans were forced west of the Mississippi

A Growing and Young Nation In 1830 there were around 12 million people in the United States – it was around 2.7 in 1780 Immigration did not play a very big role in the increase (10 %) African slave population also slowed due to a law which made it illegal to import slaves Between 1800-1849 the average woman had five children The population boom is also impressive due to the high infant mortality rate (rate at which infants, babies less than 1 year old, die) 1800’s this rate was around 130 per 1000 births or 13% because of inability to treat illnesses

Pioneers Move West Many people moved to trans-Appalachia (the area west of the Appalachian Mountains) They would come with their entire family and have to build a home and raise a crop to eat with small hand tools

Daniel Boone In 1775, the Transylvania Company employed Boone to created the Wilderness Road (a road from eastern Tennessee to Louisville used as the main road to trans-Appalachia) He was a member of the Kentucky state legislature Boone died in Missouri as a famous and tough pioneer

Florida Florida belonged to Spain at this time (we had AL, MS and LA) We had agreed to Pinkney Treaty (treaty with the Spanish that made the southern boundary of the US) -Southern boundary was 31 degrees N, giving Spain Florida -US citizens could use the Mississippi River through Florida -Each country would control NAs living in their territory

Florida Spanish rebellions in South America took all their attention and the NAs in the US began to raid Georgia Andrew Jackson was selected to end the problem and did in a few short weeks He told President Monroe in a note that “the possession of Florida would be desirable and it will happen in 60 days” The Spanish were outraged but President Monroe said they broke Pinkney’s Treaty The Spanish did not argue due to the fighting in South America and signed a treaty with the US for Florida Adams-Onis Treaty (treaty where Spain ceded Florida to the US) was signed where Spain ceded (gave up) Florida and the Pacific Northwest to the US. The US ceded a part of Texas to the Spanish

Native Americans Forced West NAs were constantly forced west due to signing treaties During the move many died due to disease from the whites Many NA groups fought to keep their culture The Cherokee was a NA group that began to blend white culture with their own -They created a legal system and a government -They began owning private property instead of community property -Had slaves This only slowed the whites from wanting their land