CLASSIFICATION VIRUSES, BACTERIA, PROTISTA, FUNG

A. VIRUSES Viruses are simple structures made of protein and nucleic acids. They are difficult to classify as living or non living. Why? Name some diseases caused by viruses. –(See chart on page 489)

B. VIRUSES: Bacteriophage Draw and label a bacteriophage See next slide and page 479.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Head Capsid (protein sheath) DNA Whiskers Tail Tail fiber Neck Base plate.05  m

C. VIRUS: Bacteriophage What type of cell do bacteriophages infect? Bacteriophages are used in biotechnology for _______

Viral Structure Viruses have many forms

D. Diseases caused by Viruses Name 5 diseases caused by viruses. –See chart on page 489

E. BACTERIA Bacteria are living organisms. They are made of cells. They have their own kingdom, Bacteria List 5 diseases caused by bacteria. –See page 486 List 5 benefits of bacteria to humans Decomposition, nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, make pharmaceuticals, make vitamins in intestines and aid digestion.

F. BACTERIA Draw and label a bacterial cell. See next slide and page 472

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cytoplasm Plasma membrane Cell wall DNA Flagellum Ribosomes Capsule Pili

G. BACTERIA Describe the 3 shapes of bacteria Bacilli, Cocci, Spirilla Bacteria can reproduce by binary fission and conjugation. Compare these methods. See page 475. When and why do bacteria produce spores?

H. PROTISTA Draw and label an ameoba and a paramecium. See next slides and pages 500 and 501.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Anterior contractile vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus Pellicle Posterior contractile vacuole Food vacuole Gullet Cilia Cytoproct

I. PROTISTA List 3 types of protist movement and give an example for each. –Crawling with pseudopodia, ex: Amoeba –Swimming with flagella, ex: Euglena –Swimming with cilia, ex: Paramecium Which types of protists did you see?

J. PROTISTA Protists can reproduce asexually by mitosis and cytokinesis, by conjugation, or sexually with gametes. Malaria is caused by a protist called Plasmodium falciparum. This protist requires both a mosquito and a human to complete its life cycle.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Mosquito injects sporozoites Gametocytes ingested by mosquito Oocysts Sporozoites form within mosquito Gametocytes Sporozoites Stages in liver Merozoites Stages in red blood cells Zygote Certain merozoites develop into gametocytes

Protists like these diatoms can be quite lovely. Do you like ice cream? I do. Many ice creams are thickened by brown algae, another protist. Yumm.

K. FUNGI How many types of fungi can you think of? How can fungi be beneficial? They can decompose, bread yeast makes bread rise, alcohol fermentation makes alcohol. What diseases do you know of that are caused by fungi? Yeast infections, Athlete’s foot, ringworm (not really a worm), Corn smut infects corn. Cordyceps-see page 539- “Eww!”