NETWORKING PROTOCOLS How do Networks Talk?

THE PROTOCOL Rules that define how network devices communicate with each other Ensures that products from various manufacturers can communicate with each other Part of the software that makes a network……..work! So devices are speaking the same language to each other. Delivers the packets in the same form to each device

THE PACKET What the network breaks information down to Very Small Consists of three parts: Header Data Trailer

PROTOCOLS Internet Protocol (IP) & IP Addresses Probably the most used protocol Kind of like a social security number for a network device Two versions, IP4 and IP6 IP4 – 4.3 billion combinations IP6 – 3.4 X 10^38 or 340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 THAT’S A BIG NUMBER!! Regulated by and in the North Americas its

AN IP ADDRESS VERSION 4

IP ADDRESSES – RANGE / RESERVE – The range of addresses. Class A block – to – 126 full blocks of IP addresses Class B block – to full blocks Class C block through full blocks Class D block to full blocks Class E block to full blocks Private vs Public IP Addresses Private – only viewed within a network Public – can be viewed and routed over the entire internet Reserve Addresses This represents the default network, which is the abstract concept of just being connected to a TCP/IP network This address is reserved for network broadcasts, or messages that should go to all computers on the network This is called the loopback address, meaning your computer's way of identifying itself, whether or not it has an assigned IP address to This is the Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) range of addresses assigned automatically when a computer's unsuccessful getting an address from a DHCP server.

IP ADDRESSES – RANGE / RESERVE Private IP Addresses Class A Class B Class C Network Device Wireless Router DHCP Server DSL Modem Network Device Network Device Public IP Address Private Network Private IP Addresses

IP NETWORK SUBNET MASKS SubnetBitsTotal SpaceUsable Space

IP ADDRESS & SUBNET MASK

ASSIGNMENT 1 In order for network devices to communicate with each other even though they might have different manufacturers there needs to be the same __________. The protocol basically means all the network devices are speaking the same __________. The protocol type - IP address – stands for : ____________ ____________ ___________ The octets in an IP address can only be between the values of ______ and __________. A private IP address cannot be __________ or viewed over the entire internet. A DHCP server distributes _____________ to network devices where DHCP is enabled. If a network devices acquires an IP address it is considered __________________. Although much more rare, a ___________ IP address is assigned to a network device and never changes. The IP address is often call the ____________ because it allows a network device to identify itself. The ___________ mask is another set of octets that allows IP network blocks to be further sub divided. Public or Private IP? : ______________________

ASSIGNMENT 2 Take the star network that you constructed in the 4 – Network shapes lesson, copy the slide and paste into this lesson. Now assign private IP addresses to each node and Switch. Next look at the chart on slide 8 and assign a subnet mask that would give you enough usable spaces for the amount of IP addresses you needed. For example, if I had 200 nodes I would need to use the subnet mask So your network nodes would like something like this. The subnet mask will be the same for each node, but the IP address will be different. Node Subnet Mask

ASSIGNMENT 3 For the following networks give the IP scheme and the subnet mask needed. Use a private block of IP addresses. So for example a location with 40 network devices – IP Scheme Location 1 Building 1 – IT / Engineering computers / Server Room Building 2 – Accounting computers Building 3 – HR - 10 Computers Building 4 – Backup Room – 20 Computers Building 5 – Programming Computers Building 6 – Executive – 24 Computers Location 2 Floor 1 – 120 Computers Floor 2 – 67 Computers Floor 3 – 188 Computers Location 3 Building 1 – 50 Computers Building 2 – 20 Computers Building 3 – 210 Computers