Lecture 26 Preposition and Prepositional Phrase 26.1 Collocation of prepositions with adjectives, verbs and nouns 26.1 Collocation of prepositions with adjectives, verbs and nouns 1) Prepositions after adjectives 1) Prepositions after adjectives Eg. alive to, alive with Eg. alive to, alive with 2) Prepositions after verbs 2) Prepositions after verbs a) Verb+ preposition, eg. Prevail on, appeal to, apply for, etc. a) Verb+ preposition, eg. Prevail on, appeal to, apply for, etc. b) verb + object + preposition, eg. Exclude ….from, take … for b) verb + object + preposition, eg. Exclude ….from, take … for

c) verb+ adverb particle + preposition eg. Break in on, come up against, hold out on, get off with, put down to,etc. 3)Collocation of prepositions with nouns 3)Collocation of prepositions with nouns A) Noun + preposition eg. A solution to, faith in, a glance at, need for, etc. A) Noun + preposition eg. A solution to, faith in, a glance at, need for, etc. B) Preposition + noun eg. On one ’ s guard, at one ’ s request, in all probability, to one ’ s delight, etc. B) Preposition + noun eg. On one ’ s guard, at one ’ s request, in all probability, to one ’ s delight, etc.

26. 2 Complex prepositions 1) Two-word prepositions 1) Two-word prepositions Examples: Examples: According to, except for, ahead of, instead of, apropos of, irrespective of, etc. According to, except for, ahead of, instead of, apropos of, irrespective of, etc. 2) Three-word prepositions 2) Three-word prepositions Examples: Examples: At variance with, in spite of, by arrangement with, on account of, by way of, on /under pain of At variance with, in spite of, by arrangement with, on account of, by way of, on /under pain of

3) Four-word prepositions Examples: at the expense of, on the ground(s) of, at the mercy of, on the part of, at the rate of, on the point of,etc. Examples: at the expense of, on the ground(s) of, at the mercy of, on the part of, at the rate of, on the point of,etc.

26. 3 Transformational relations between prepositional phrases and subordinate clauses 1) Prepositional phrase vs that-clause 1) Prepositional phrase vs that-clause Eg. Are you sure of Simon ’ s disappearance?= Are you sure that Simon has disappeared? Eg. Are you sure of Simon ’ s disappearance?= Are you sure that Simon has disappeared? 2) Prepositional phrase vs adverbial clause 2) Prepositional phrase vs adverbial clause Eg. Despite the city ’ s any attraction, John still preferred his cottage in the country. Eg. Despite the city ’ s any attraction, John still preferred his cottage in the country. = Although the city has many attraction, John still preferred his cottage in the country. = Although the city has many attraction, John still preferred his cottage in the country. 3) Prepositional phrase vs relative clause 3) Prepositional phrase vs relative clause Eg. The man with a a red beard is talking to Henry ’ s father. Eg. The man with a a red beard is talking to Henry ’ s father. = The man who has a read beard is talking to Henry ’ s father. = The man who has a read beard is talking to Henry ’ s father.