Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety

Defining Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety States Trait

Measuring Arousal and Anxiety Physiological signs (heart rate, respiration, skin conductance, biochemistry) Global and multidimensional self-report surveys e.g. Sport Anxiety Scale (trait anxiety) e.g. Sport Competition Anxiety Test (trait) e.g. Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2

Trait and State Anxiety Relationship High versus low trait anxious people usually have more state anxiety in highly evaluative situations.

Stress and the Stress Process Define Stress: (continued)

Selye Model of Stress Stage 1 The Stress Process Three Phases of Stress Response The General Adaptation Syndrome is a model that is comprised of three elements or phases which describe the body’s response to stress: Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Three Phases of Stress Response Selye Model of Stress Stage 1 The Stress Process Three Phases of Stress Response Alarm- adrenaline, noradrenaline Resistance – allocate energy Exhaustion – lowered response Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Stress and Stress Process Implications Stress Management Reduced by three methods: Environmental Engineering Somatic stress management Cognitive stress management In what stages of the stress process can we intervene? How is stress best viewed?

Sources of Stress and Anxiety Situational sources ____________ ____________ Other?_____________ ____________ Personal sources ____________ ____________ Other? _____________

How Arousal and Anxiety Affect Performance Drive theory Inverted–U hypothesis Individualized zones of optimal functioning Multidimensional anxiety theory

Anxiety direction and intensity Significance of all these views How Arousal and Anxiety Affect Performance Catastrophe model Reversal theory Anxiety direction and intensity Significance of all these views

Why Arousal and Anxiety Influence Performance Increased muscle tension and coordination difficulties Attention and concentration changes: - -

Why Arousal Influences Performance Attentional narrowing

Implications for Practice Interactional Model of Anxiety

Implications for Practice Recognize arousal and state anxiety signs (feeling ill, dazed,muscle tension etc.) Tailor coaching strategies to individuals: Different strokes for different folks. Sometimes arousal and state anxiety must be reduced, other times maintained, and other times facilitated. Develop performers’ confidence.

Recognize Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety Cold, clammy hands Constant need to urinate Profuse sweating Negative self-talk Dazed look in eyes (continued)

Recognize Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety Feel ill Headache Cotton (dry) mouth Constantly sick Difficulties sleeping (continued)

Recognize Symptoms of Arousal and State Anxiety Increased muscle tension Butterflies in stomach Inability to concentrate Consistently perform better in non-evaluative situations Others? _______________________