Monkey By: Kavya Mudiam, Emma Jones, Anna Fox, Patrick Wright, and Sam Douglas 7 th Period

Religions Taoism Taoism Confucianism Confucianism Buddhism Buddhism

Taoism ► The two chief pilosophers Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu ► It is connected to the rhythms of nature and the earth ► Focuses back on the time where there was equality between men and women ► Taoists relate the microcosm of the human body to the macrocosm of the world (earth, heavens, and underworld)

Taoism Continued… ► Taoism became organized in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, based on the writings of the two men ► What it is: the search for immortality; a varied pantheon of Taoist deities; and a certain rebelliousness against both the demands of society and the rigors of traditional Confucian morality and social codes

Confucianism Characterized by optimistic view of human nature, the possibility of normal humans becoming awe-inspiring Characterized by optimistic view of human nature, the possibility of normal humans becoming awe-inspiring Beliefs are that humans can be taught, improved,and perfected Beliefs are that humans can be taught, improved,and perfected Belief System Belief System Li or correct propriety, ritual and etiquette Li or correct propriety, ritual and etiquette Yi or righteousness Yi or righteousness Hsiao or love among members of family and society Hsiao or love among members of family and society Xin or trustworthiness and honesty Xin or trustworthiness and honesty Jen or humaneness and benevolence Jen or humaneness and benevolence Chung or loyalty to ruling authorities Chung or loyalty to ruling authorities

Confucianism in the 1500’s Ming Dynasty Ming Dynasty Agriculture, Navigation, Confucianism, and art thrive Agriculture, Navigation, Confucianism, and art thrive Chinese trading ships export teas, silk, and porcelain to India, Africa, and Europe Chinese trading ships export teas, silk, and porcelain to India, Africa, and Europe The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Prince Zhu Di’s eldest brother, died in 1398, after naming his grandson Zhu Yunwen his successor. The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Prince Zhu Di’s eldest brother, died in 1398, after naming his grandson Zhu Yunwen his successor. Killed by uncle Zhu Di who gave himself the name “Zheng He” Killed by uncle Zhu Di who gave himself the name “Zheng He” Confucianism tradition, the first son and his decedents should always inherit, but the emperor was the fourth son. Therefore, the courts (Cunfucian scholars) refused to support him. Confucianism tradition, the first son and his decedents should always inherit, but the emperor was the fourth son. Therefore, the courts (Cunfucian scholars) refused to support him. To secure his place on the throne he began massive projects such as repairing the Grand Canal. However, he is remembered as a Naval Commander. The Emperor brought back jewels, medicine, and exoctic animals. To secure his place on the throne he began massive projects such as repairing the Grand Canal. However, he is remembered as a Naval Commander. The Emperor brought back jewels, medicine, and exoctic animals. In 1424, Zheng He passed away. His son Zhu Gaozhi became emperor and ordered an end to all treasure hunts. As a Confucianist, he believed the hunts drained too much money. He spent money on fending off the Mongols and feeding people in famine-ravaged provinces. Therefore, China adopted more Confucianism ideals. In 1424, Zheng He passed away. His son Zhu Gaozhi became emperor and ordered an end to all treasure hunts. As a Confucianist, he believed the hunts drained too much money. He spent money on fending off the Mongols and feeding people in famine-ravaged provinces. Therefore, China adopted more Confucianism ideals.

Buddhism ► Buddhism: is an ethical system – a way of life – that leads to a very specific goal and that possesses some aspects of both religion and philosophy. ► Siddhartha Gautama ► Two Major Branches:  Theravada - "The School of the Elders"  Mahayana - "The Great Vehicle“

Buddhist Concepts ► Life and the World  Karma  Rebirth  Samsara ► Suffering’s Causes and Solutions  The Four Noble Truths  The Eightfold Path ► Nirvana  Enlightenment

POLITICS OF 15OO’s ► MING DYNASTY ( ) ► Monarchy ► By 15 th century, dynasty was slowly diminishing so in the 16 th century, there was supposed to be a reform.  Later crushed by eunuch named Wei Zhongxian ► many eunuchs were able to climb up the social ladder and to occupy posts at the court that made them able to influence the ruler and his decisions.

The administration for the Ming Dynasty: ► the Grand Secretariat ► Six Ministries ► Revenue ► Rites ► War ► Justice ► Public Works ► Department of State Affairs ► Censorate

► There was a lot of controversy in the government over tax collection  The dynasty didn’t see a need in understanding business, which eventually led to the fall  Resulted in production of literature that expressed thought on the situation ► Monkey and The Water Margin  People isolated by a strict society where one is often unable to play by the rules ► Downfall was a result of gov’t not able to provide food during famine and poor planning by not having accurate tax collection and head count

Emperors of the Ming Dynasty ► Ming Wuzong ► Ming Shizong ► Ming Muzong ► Ming Shenzong Ming Wuzong Ming Shizong Ming Muzong Ming Shenzong

Culture in China ► Arts movement  focused on themselves  They were Isolationists  Trying to work on China itself and not so much on expanding  Novel of monkey developed during Ming but published later  They wanted to reach a wider audience range  Vernacular Chinese “watered down”

Culture in China ► There was also a large amount of industrial development  They tried making the country more unified geographically  Built river systems and canals  This was all to help increase internal trade ► Chinese had great Naval capacity

Culture in China Culture in China ► Not a sophisticated national market ► Focused on staple crops  grain, cotton, and tea ► Merchants were unproductive at this time until Europeans came ► Interregional trade was successful

Culture in China ► During the 1500’s is when many European countries started coming over to China. ► The Portuguese were one of the first  They came as a Formal Embassy and also as pirates  Main country involved in trading goods from China to Europe  Silver was brought to China from Spain  “silver sink”

Culture In China ► China experiences a decline in central power from the Ming Dynasty ► Socially stable ► Government is considered to be one of the most orderly

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