GL5 Resources 2006 Q4 Bulk Materials MS 4.(a)Describe the formation of one named bulk mineral deposit and assess its economic importance in the construction industry. (b)Explain the processing steps by which one named element or compound of industrial value is derived from a geological raw material.

GL5 Resources 2006 Q4 Bulk Materials MS MUST BE BULK MATERIAL. Non-bulk materials awarded marks for ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE if case made for use in the construction industry e.g. copper, iron, steel. Specification examples – sand/gravel and limestone

GL5 Resources 2006 Q4 Bulk Materials MS e.g. Sand and gravel Formation – rock cycle. - Unconsolidated superficial deposits associated with fluvial deposition - Thin (up to 10m) irregular deposits - formed by weathering and erosion of highlands - transported to lowlands by rivers and streams - sands and gravels also associated with - erosion of cliffs to form beaches - reworking of glacial till by meltwater to form - fluvioglacial deposits - may be deposited in sea e.g. North Sea - Case studies credited

GL5 Resources 2006 Q4 Bulk Materials MS Economic importance Vital for construction industry – concrete Plentiful resources in river valleys, coasts and shallow offshore water Current UK annual consumption 5 tonnes per capita. Demand associated with building development Environmental awareness means possibility future use of more aggregate from industrial waste as substitute.

GL5 Resources 2006 Q4 Bulk Materials MS (b)Explain the processing steps by which one named element or compound of industrial value is derived from a geological raw material. Answer depend upon the element/compound used. e.g. Copper from ore Primary and secondary crushing of ore  Grinding to powder in ball and rod mills  Separation of ore from gangue by froth flotation  Filtration, pressing and drying to produce a powdered copper concentrate  Heating (smelting of concentrate) to produce copper metal