Palladio and Jefferson and Boyle

Vitruvius’ De Architectura led to the Palladio’s Villa Rotunda of 1550 which led to Napoleon’s The Madeline of 1806 which led to

Palladio Villa Rotunda 1550 Palladio Villa Rotunda 1550 See pages 737-738 in Stokstad Palladio Villa Rotunda 1550

Andrea Palladio He pursued mathematical clarity in both plan and elevation, stemming from the Renaissance belief that beauty could be attained through the use of geometry and measurement. His buildings were largely intended as reconstructions of antique architecture, based on his reading of Vitruvius’ De Architectura. His villas, the most influential part of his work, use the temple front, because Palladio believed that this was also a feature of antique domestic architecture. Palladio conceived of architecture as something rational, which obeyed rules: if a work is created according to rules, it can be imitated and taught, assuming that the same basic precepts are imparted. Expect geometrical symmetry.

Palladio Villa Rotunda elevation 1550

Villa Rotunda 1550 Palladio Villa Rotunda 1550 See pages 737-738 in Stokstad Villa Rotunda 1550

The Madeline, Paris Designated a temple to his Grande Armee by Napoleon in 1806, in 1837 it was proposed as Paris’ first railway station before finally being consecrated as a church in 1842.

Chiswick House 1724-1729 Richard Boyle, the third earl of Burlington East London, England geometrical symmetry Chiswick House 1724-1729 Richard Boyle, the third earl of Burlington East London, England

Chiswick House 1724-1729 Richard Boyle

Chiswick House 1724-1729 Richard Boyle, the third earl of Burlington East London, England

The Pantheon Jacques-Germain Soufflot 1755-1792

The Pantheon Jacques-Germain Soufflot 1755-1792 the portico is modeled directly on Roman temples the dome is inspired by Wren’s dome in London (St. Paul’s) the central-plan Greek cross was inspired by Chiswick House

Christopher Wren St. Paul’s, London 1675-1710

Monticello Architect: Thomas Jefferson, ca. 1772

The White House Designed by James Hoban; built between 1792 and 1800. Designed by James Hoban; it was built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the late Georgian style. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. Greek Revival was added to the design repertory, after Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. "Regular" was a term of approval, implying symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures, was deeply felt as a flaw. The White House Designed by James Hoban; built between 1792 and 1800.

University of Virginia Architect: Thomas Jefferson, ca. 1826

Built from 1911-1922; the neoclassical building was designed by Henry Bacon. The Lincoln Memorial

The Jefferson Memorial Built from 1939 to 1943; the neoclassical building was designed by John Russell Pope. The Jefferson Memorial

The Classical Landscape: The Picturesque Movement The desire was to create an idealized rural landscape; these idealized landscapes were often punctuated by architectural follies.