Psychology 1100 Pamela Lemons  Kenneth Robbins  Melissa Wells  Richard Fisher  Sheena Christison  Sierra Kartchner.

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Psychology 1100 Pamela Lemons  Kenneth Robbins  Melissa Wells  Richard Fisher  Sheena Christison  Sierra Kartchner

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a psychiatric disorder or neurobehavioral disorder characterized by significant difficulties either of inattention and/or hyperactivity an impulsiveness.

 Predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI or ADHD-I)  Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI or ADHD-H)  The two combined (ADHD-C),

 Sir Alexander Crichton M.D.,( ) was the first person to document a disorder similar to ADHD in  Franz Kramer and Hans Pollnow diagnosed children with the term "Hyperkinetic Disease" in Symptoms included restlessness and remarkable motor activity.

 In 1980 the disorder was relabeled to attention deficit disorder (ADD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).  IN 1987 ADD was renamed ADHD to recognize the hyperactivity element of the disorder.

 ADHD affects 3% to 7% of the American population.  Males are twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD as females.  Children as well as adults are affected by ADHD.

 It is believed to more genetic than anything else, but some environmental factors may play a role in developing ADHD.  ADHD is often seen within the same families indicating it to be hereditary.  Smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol during pregnancy and exposure to high levels of lead have shown to be related to cases of ADHD in children.

 Hyperactivity  Inability to hold attention  Impulsive behaviors at times  Restlessness  Outbursts / Overexcited

 There is no known cure for ADHD, only medication helps to manage the side effects of the disorder.  Typically, stimulant medications are used to manage symptoms of ADHD.  Stimulants increase the amount of dopamine levels in the brain which can help boost concentration levels and focus, while reducing hyperactivity and impulsiveness.

Common stimulant medications for ADHD are:  Adderall  Concerta  Ritalin  Focalin

 By locating the genes that cause the disorder, scientist may one day be able to prevent and better treat ADHD.  For pregnant mothers, playing it safe and staying away from any drugs, alcohol and lead exposure is best.

 Lawrence Robinson, M. S. (n.d.). Retrieved from  National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of Health And Human Services. NIH Publication No (2012). Retrieved from disorder/index.shtml disorder/index.shtml  W. Lange, The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 2010, pg.8  Alexander Crichton, 2008 reprint, Chp. 1, pg   Carroll, Lisa. “1 in 10 US kids has ADHD, Study Finds”. Msnbc. 18 Aug adhd-studyfinds/