2.1 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  When designing for an existing infrastructure, take into account the configuration and functionality (or lack thereof) of existing servers  File servers  Print servers  Application servers Examining the Current File, Print, and Application Servers (Skill 1)

2.2 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  File servers  Often the most overlooked type of server  Disk subsystem performance and network connectivity are of primary importance Examining the Current File, Print, and Application Servers (2) (Skill 1)

2.3 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  File server disk subsystems  Typically use some form of PCI bus  Server motherboard determines which PCI specification the system is capable of using  Performance of disk subsystem  Cannot exceed bus performance  Because all subsystems share the same bus, the maximum achievable transfer rate is usually slightly less than half of the maximum theoretical rate for the bus Examining the Current File, Print, and Application Servers (3) (Skill 1)

2.4 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  File server disk subsystems  For redundancy and fault tolerance, must use some form of RAID  RAID 5 with a hardware controller  RAID 0+1 (RAID 10)  RAID 0 provides exceptional speed, but no redundancy Examining the Current File, Print, and Application Servers (4) (Skill 1)

2.5 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Print servers  Disk space and performance are of primary concern  Network adapter also an area of major concern to maximize performance  RAM and processor needs, while not unimportant, are not as a major concern in comparison to storage and network connectivity needs  Additional considerations include all integration and software configuration concerns Examining the Current File, Print, and Application Servers (8) (Skill 1)

2.6 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Application servers  Needs vary greatly depending on specific application  Best to use a pilot to determine needs of server, if at all possible  If a pilot is not feasible, do extensive research on the needs and limitations of the server (check for vendor white papers) Examining the Current File, Print, and Application Servers (9) (Skill 1)

2.7 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-1 Important subsystems for file servers (Skill 1)

2.8 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-2 Examining different disk subsystem options (Skill 1)

2.9 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-3 Calculating bandwidth needs (Skill 1)

2.10 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-4 Important subsystems for print servers (Skill 1)

2.11 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Domain Name System (DNS)  The core name resolution service in Windows Server 2003  Begin analysis of core network services by analyzing DNS  Must be designed and configured properly or Active Directory performance may be severely impacted Examining the Current DNS Infrastructure (Skill 2)

2.12 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Important factors in analyzing the current DNS infrastructure  Existing network operating system  Versions of DNS server services in place and their capabilities  Hardware currently in place for DNS services  Current level of redundancy  Forwarding strategy for current DNS infrastructure Examining the Current DNS Infrastructure (2) (Skill 2)

2.13 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Important factors in analyzing the current DNS infrastructure  Current zone and domain configuration  DNS replication topology  Current level of integration with WINS, DHCP, and Active Directory  Current DNS client configuration Examining the Current DNS Infrastructure (3) (Skill 2)

2.14 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Existing network operating system  Network operating systems used for DNS services  Unix/Linux  Windows NT  Windows 2000 Server  Windows Server 2003 Examining the Current DNS Infrastructure (4) (Skill 2)

2.15 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Versions of DNS server services in place  Unix and Linux DNS servers typically run a version of Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)  BIND version is minimum version capable of supporting SRV records, so any earlier version cannot be used to host DNS domains for Active Directory  BIND version and higher versions are recommended as they include support for DNS dynamic updates  BIND version also supports DNS dynamic updates, but is not recommended due to flaws  BIND does not support Active Directory integrated zones Examining the Current DNS Infrastructure (5) (Skill 2)

2.16 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Versions of DNS server services in place  Windows NT DNS servers  Do not support SRV records, dynamic updates, Active Directory integrated zones, or secure updates  Should nearly always be upgraded or migrated to Windows 2003 Server or Windows 2000 Server Examining the Current DNS Infrastructure (6) (Skill 2)

2.17 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Key areas of current zone and domain structure  Use of private DNS names (such as.local)  Raises same issues as use of unregistered public domain names  Solutions  Modify forwarding strategy  Configure DNS servers in each subdomain to host a secondary copy of the root zone file  Disadvantage: may increase total zone replication traffic  Advantages: provides less remote query traffic and higher levels of availability for the domain root Examining the Current DNS Infrastructure (13) (Skill 2)

2.18 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Key areas of current zone and domain structure  Placement of primary DNS servers for each zone  For security reasons, always locate primary name servers behind a firewall  Ensure they are in a location that facilitates efficient zone transfers  Ensure that adequate redundancy for each zone exists  Ensure at least two servers host a copy of each zone file Examining the Current DNS Infrastructure (14) (Skill 2)

2.19 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Level of integration between DNS and other network services  Integration with WINS, DHCP, and Active Directory (if already present) are of primary concern  If DNS is integrated with WINS, determine whether WINS should remain in place in new design  For dynamic DNS to function, DNS must be integrated with DHCP  Determine if Active Directory integrated zones are currently being used since they have different storage, security, operating system, and replication needs Examining the Current DNS Infrastructure (16) (Skill 2)

2.20 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-6 Supported features of different DNS server platforms (Skill 2)

2.21 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-8 An example of a forwarding structure (Skill 2)

2.22 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-9 An example of an inefficient forwarding strategy (Skill 2)

2.23 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-11 An example DNS hierarchy (Skill 2)

2.24 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-15 An example of when an unusual replication topology is in use (Skill 2)

2.25 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)  An important service in most legacy networks  Resolves NetBIOS names, used by down-level (pre- Windows 2000) operating systems, into IP addresses  When examining existing NetBIOS name resolution infrastructure, consider the need for NetBIOS name resolution Examining the Current WINS Infrastructure (Skill 3)

2.26 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)  Reasons for maintaining NetBIOS name resolution  Use of down-level client or server operating systems  Use of legacy applications that rely on NetBIOS name resolution  Use of network services, such as Distributed file system (Dfs), in Windows 2000 that rely on NetBIOS naming Examining the Current WINS Infrastructure (2) (Skill 3)

2.27 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-16 NetBIOS name resolution methods (Skill 3)

2.28 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Primary methods of remote access  Dial-in remote access  Requires enough POTS connections/modems or ISDN connections/adapters to support the required number of simultaneous users  Virtual private network (VPN) remote access  Requires connectivity with enough bandwidth, ability to encrypt and decrypt packets fast enough, and the ability to support the required number of simultaneous users  May require router, firewall, and specialized network adapters Examining the Current Remote Access Infrastructure (Skill 4)

2.29 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure  Methods used to provide authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) services  Windows-based AAA  RADIUS-based AAA  Other considerations  Private network connectivity required–typically high  Performance and availability of current remote access solution  Client configuration Examining the Current Remote Access Infrastructure (2) (Skill 4)

2.30 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-17 An example VPN architecture (Skill 4)

2.31 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Designing a Microsoft ® Windows ® Server 2003 Active Directory and Network Infrastructure Lesson 2: Examining the Current Services Infrastructure Figure 2-18 Areas to check for Windows-based AAA services (Skill 4)