Debt and developing economies The role and usefulness of international aid The work of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) How the ownership of land can empower How organisations can empower How people can be exploited in the workplace How empowerment can be linked to gender roles 8 Empowering People

 Much of the aid that is given to the developing world is designed to empower people Obstacles to empowerment  World debt  Exploitation  Differing gender roles  Inhibit empowerment and human development Chapter 8: Empowering People Empowering people in the Developing World – obstacles and support

The Developing World – obstacles to development  Multilateral debt  Bilateral debt  Commercial or private debt  Domestic debt Debt cancelling  Debt cancelling organisations – Jubilee South Chapter 8: Empowering People

Supporting development – Aid  International aid  Humanitarian or emergency aid  Development aid  Bilateral aid  Multilateral aid  Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) aid Chapter 8: Empowering People

The EU and aid  EuropeAid Millennium Development Goals  Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger  Achieving universal primary education  Promoting gender equality and empowering women  Reducing child mortality rates  Improving maternal health  Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases  Ensuring environmental sustainability  Developing a global partnership for development Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) – Irish  Trocaire  GOAL Chapter 8: Empowering People

The Aid debate – Who benefits?  Ineffective aid  Tied aid Making aid effective – the receiver benefits  Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness  Ownership  Harmonisation Dead aid – no benefits Chapter 8: Empowering People

Empowering people in Ireland  Empowering people means equipping them with the skills, knowledge and resources that will help them and their communities grow  Land ownership patterns  The Co-operative movement  Local enterprise boards Chapter 8: Empowering People

Limits to empowerment – Exploitation and gender roles  Limits to empowerment – Exploitation  Case study: India’s cotton industry  Limits to empowerment – Gender roles  Case study: Gender inequality in Ireland  Case study: Gender inequality in Tanzania Chapter 8: Empowering People