Enhanced intelligent driver model to access the impact of driving strategies on traffic capacity by Arne Kesting, Martin Treiber, and Dirk Helbing Philosophical Transactions A Volume 368(1928): October 13, 2010 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Acceleration functions (a) of the IDM, (b) resulting from the CAH heuristic and (c) of the proposed ACC model as a function of the gap s and the velocity difference (approaching rate) Δv from the leading vehicle. Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Resulting acceleration aACC of the ACC model, equation (2.4), as a function of the IDM acceleration for different values of the acceleration aCAH resulting from the CAH. Black line, aCAH=2 m s−2; dashed line, aCAH=0 m s−2; dotted line, aCAH=−2 m s−2; da... Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Response of (a) an IDM (solid line; dashed line, lane-changing vehicle) and (b) an ACC vehicle (solid line; dashed line, lane-changing vehicle) (‘car’ parameters as shown in table 1) to the lane- changing manoeuvre of another vehicle immediately in front of... Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Response of (a) an IDM (solid line; dashed line, lane-changing vehicle) and (b) an ACC (solid line; dashed line, lane-changing vehicle) vehicle to an abrupt lane-changing manoeuvre of another vehicle immediately in front of the vehicle under consideration. Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Response of a platoon of ACC vehicles to an abrupt lane-changing manoeuvre of another vehicle (v=80 km h−1) in front of the platoon with an initial gap of only 10 m. Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Traffic breakdown probability for an ACC equipment rate of 0% and 20%, respectively, and for different degrees of heterogeneity. Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Maximum free flow until traffic breaks down as a function of the ACC proportion for various truck fractions. Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Average maximum free flow as a function of the ACC proportion for the simulation scenario with 10% trucks. Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Dynamic capacity as a function of the percentage of ACC vehicles. Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Capacity drop, i.e. the difference between the maximum free flow (figure 7) and the dynamic capacity (figure 9), as a function of the percentage of ACC vehicles. Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

(a,b) Dynamic capacity for various multiplication factors λ used by the simulated ACC system in the downstream jam front traffic condition. Arne Kesting et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society