Europe After Rome Ss.A.2.4.7; SS.A.3.4.4; SS.A.2.4.5; SS.A.1.4.2; SS.B.2.4.1

Europe After the Fall of Rome:

Germanic Society Romans & Germans intermarry, cultures mix Romans & Germans intermarry, cultures mix Family=most important institution Family=most important institution German idea of family affects law: German idea of family affects law: Roman Law: crimes like murder are crimes against state and society, criminal taken to trial, convicted or acquitted Roman Law: crimes like murder are crimes against state and society, criminal taken to trial, convicted or acquitted Germanic Law: Crime is personal, crime of one against another leads to personal/violent revenge Germanic Law: Crime is personal, crime of one against another leads to personal/violent revenge Wergild: fines paid by offender to family of injured or killed person Wergild: fines paid by offender to family of injured or killed person Ordeal: Belief that divine intervention would not allow innocent people to be harmed Ordeal: Belief that divine intervention would not allow innocent people to be harmed

Germanic Justice

Role of the Church As Rome breaks apart, the church picks up the pieces; steps in as stabilizing force As Rome breaks apart, the church picks up the pieces; steps in as stabilizing force Church becomes highly organized around parishes led by priests Church becomes highly organized around parishes led by priests Bishops oversee many parishes in areas called a bishopric, or diocese Bishops oversee many parishes in areas called a bishopric, or diocese Bishop of Rome becomes leader of entire Roman Catholic Church, known as pope Bishop of Rome becomes leader of entire Roman Catholic Church, known as pope Pope Gregory I solidifies power of papacy, converts many Germanic tribes, strengthens Christian influence in Europe Pope Gregory I solidifies power of papacy, converts many Germanic tribes, strengthens Christian influence in Europe

Pope Gregory the Great

Monasticism Living the life of a monk, a person who separates himself from the world to live a life of total dedication to God Living the life of a monk, a person who separates himself from the world to live a life of total dedication to God St. Benedict establishes basic monastic rules St. Benedict establishes basic monastic rules Monasteries=self contained communities, centers of learning Monasteries=self contained communities, centers of learning Monks= missionaries (esp. Ireland & Britain) Monks= missionaries (esp. Ireland & Britain) Women monks= nuns Women monks= nuns

Monastic Life

The Germanic Kingdoms AD 500, Germanic kingdoms replace Romans AD 500, Germanic kingdoms replace Romans Many states ruled by Germanic kings pop up Many states ruled by Germanic kings pop up Ostrogoths (Italy) and Visigoths (Spain) retain Roman government structure Ostrogoths (Italy) and Visigoths (Spain) retain Roman government structure Romans not allowed to hold government office Romans not allowed to hold government office Roman culture weak in Britain, replaced by Anglo-Saxons Roman culture weak in Britain, replaced by Anglo-Saxons Many Germanic states replaced by others Many Germanic states replaced by others Longest lasting Germanic state= Franks (France) Longest lasting Germanic state= Franks (France)

The Kingdom of the Franks Established by Clovis, warrior and first Germanic king to convert to Christianity Established by Clovis, warrior and first Germanic king to convert to Christianity Clovis’ faith in Christianity won him support of Roman Catholic Church (Western Christianity) Clovis’ faith in Christianity won him support of Roman Catholic Church (Western Christianity) Church happy to have king as “friend” Church happy to have king as “friend” Frankish kingdom occupies what is today’s France and western Germany Frankish kingdom occupies what is today’s France and western Germany Kingdom divided by Clovis’ sons, after death Kingdom divided by Clovis’ sons, after death

The Franks

Charlemagne & the Carolingians : Frankish kings lose powers to mayors of the palace, who ran government/castle : Frankish kings lose powers to mayors of the palace, who ran government/castle Pepin, son of Charles Martel (who defeated Muslims in Spain) rises to king, dies 768 Pepin, son of Charles Martel (who defeated Muslims in Spain) rises to king, dies 768 Pepin’s son Charles the Great (Charlemagne) becomes king of the Franks ( ) establishes Carolingian Empire Pepin’s son Charles the Great (Charlemagne) becomes king of the Franks ( ) establishes Carolingian Empire Counts acted for king across empire, Missi dominici (king’s messengers) keep counts in check Counts acted for king across empire, Missi dominici (king’s messengers) keep counts in check

Emperor Charlemagne Charlemagne= most powerful Christian king Charlemagne= most powerful Christian king Crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by pope Crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by pope Symbolizes joining of Christian, Roman & German cultures and societies Symbolizes joining of Christian, Roman & German cultures and societies Needing educated government and clergy, education important, esp. in monasteries Needing educated government and clergy, education important, esp. in monasteries Monks work in scriptoria, copying classic works of literature Monks work in scriptoria, copying classic works of literature

Holy Roman Emperor, Charles the Great

The Man AdministratorConqueror Patron of Learning Athletic, well- spoken, charismatic Delegator Aggressive Warrior Revived classical study Married four times Retained local customs Strong Frankish army Preserved Latin culture Spoke Latin, understood Greek, could not write Divided kingdom into districts Expanded & consolidated Frankish rule Established monastic & palace schools Left empire to this only son Used missi dominici to inspect and report on provinces

Class Work: On Page 296, write and answer questions 1, 2, 4, 5, & 6