The Science of Marine Biology Chapter 1

The Science of Marine Biology Nearly all disciplines of biology are represented Oceanography Geological ocanographers Chemical oceanographers Physical oceanographers

The History of Marine Biology Archaeologists have found remains of “clambakes” from the Stone Age Tomb of an Egyptian pharaoh shows warning signs What is good to eat? What is bad to eat? Ancient Pacific Islanders passed down knowledge Using wind, wave, and current patterns to navigate vast distances Phoenicians – first accomplished western navigators Mediterranean, Black Sea, Indian Ocean

Aristotle Considered the first marine biologist Gills

History of Marine Biology Scientific Inquiry came to a grinding halt in most of Europe. 9 th and 10 th centuries the Vikings continued to explore the northern Atlantic. Leif Eriksson – North America. A.D Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan

James Cook An English sea captain. One of the first to make scientific observations Included a full time naturalist among his crew 3 voyages (1768) Explored all the oceans First European to see Antarctic ice fields First to land in Hawaii, New Zeland, Pacific Islands Chromometer

Charles Darwin 1831 – HMS Beagle Primary mission – map coastlines Theory of evolution by natural selection Coral Reef Atoll Nets to capture plankton

Challenger Expedition Page 6 Who is Edward Forbes? What contributions to marine biology did he make? Who funded Forbe and his crew on the first major oceanographic expedition? How long did the expedition last? How long did it take to publish all the information gathered? What made the Challenger Expedition so monumental?

The Growth of Marine Labs Small ships with limited room for scientists Studied using the dead material and organisms brought back Curiosity! How did these organisms live and function? Couldn’t study the ocean from ships so they studied it from the shore Live organisms Limited equipment Needed facilities (woods hole)

WWII- Sonar Major effect on development in Marine Biology. New Technology Sound Navigation Ranging- Developed in response to growing importance of submarine warfare. How does it work? Detection of underwater echoes Marine Biology Labs grow SCUBA

Exit Ticket 1)Who was considered the first marine biologist? A) James Cook B) Charles Darwin C) Aristotle D) Leif Erikson 2) True or False? Marine Biology is a fairly new discipline because scientists have only recently learned how collect samples and navigate it. 3) in 1831 Darwin set sail on the HMS Beagle. What was the primary mission of that voyage? 4) A) What was sonar developed for during WWII B) Name one way the field of marine biology benefited from this technology

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