DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGS G9 Alpha and Delta – 2011 Mr. ARNOLD, Rafael
The Animal Cell NUCLEUS: Contains DNA. MITOCHONDRIA: Generate most of the cell's supply of energy GOLGI APPARATUS: Processes and packages macromolecules, such as proteins and lipids. LYSOSOMES: Contains enzymes to break up waste materials and cellular debris ROUGH E. R.: Synthesizes proteins. SMOOTH E. R.: Among other functions, cell detoxification. CELL MEMBRANE
Different Types of Animal Cells
Plant Cell NUCLEUS: Contains DNA. ROUGH E. R.: Synthesizes proteins. VACUOLE: Isolates materials GOLGI APPARATUS: Processes and packages macromole cules, such as proteins and lipids CELL WALL CELL MEMBRANE MITOCHONDRIA: Generate most of the cell's supply of energy CHLOROPLAST: Conduct Photosynthesis. SMOOTH E. R.: Among other functions, cell detoxification.
What are the Differences?
Six Kingdoms MOST MICROSCOPIC KINGDOMS BACTERIA ARCHAE PROTISTS
Six Kingdoms MOST MULTICELLULAR KINGDOMS ANIMALS FUNGI PLANTS Video: The Six Kingdoms
Living things share common characteristcs Organization – Cells are the basic unit of all living things; – The boundary separating the inside from the outside of a cell is called cell membrane; – The nucleus can also be surrounded by a membrane.
Living things share common characteristcs Growth – Living things increase in size over time; – There’s a need of replacing worn out parts or build new ones;
Living things share common characteristcs Reproduction (Binary fission) – How does a cell prepare itself for replication? VIDEO: Binary Fission
Living things share common characteristcs ACTIVITY – A single S. aureus bacterium was isolated in a petri dish. It is known that this strain of bacteria is adapted to reproduce in a very fast way, something around 1 fission every 15 minutes. How many bacteria will compose the colony after 6 hours?
CHALLENGE!!! Graph the development of the E.coli Colony Growth on a Graph sheet, showing the 12 hours of development (these bacteria reproduce every one hour)..
Living things share common characteristcs Response – Living things respond to the enviroment and some specific stimulli. (Videos # 1, 2 and 3) – Hypothesis, Analysis and Conclusions
Viruses are not alive NO ORGANELLES !!!
Bacteriophages
D8E
MICROSCOPES The earliest simple microscope was merely a tube with a plate for the object at one end and, at the other, a lens which gave a magnification less than ten diameters -- ten times the actual size. These excited general wonder when used to view fleas or tiny creeping things and so were dubbed "flea glasses."
About 1590, two Dutch spectacle makers, Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans, while experimenting with several lenses in a tube, discovered that nearby objects appeared greatly enlarged. That was the forerunner of the compound microscope and of the telescope. In 1609, Galileo, father of modern physics and astronomy, heard of these early experiments, worked out the principles of lenses, and made a much better instrument with a focusing device.
Robert Hooke, the English father of microscopy, re- confirmed Anton van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries of the existence of tiny living organisms in a drop of water. Hooke made a copy of Leeuwenhoek's light microscope and then improved upon his design.
Optical Microscope An optical microscope, also called "light microscope", is a type of a compound microscope that uses a combination of lenses magnifying the images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest type and simplest to use and manufacture.
Digital Microscope A digital microscope has a digital CCD camera attached to it and connected to a LCD or a computer monitor. A digital microscope usually has no eyepieces to view the objects directly. The trinocular type of digital microscopes have the possibility of mounting the camera, that would be an USB microscope.
Fluorescence Microscope A fluorescence microscope or "epifluorescent microscope" is a special type of a light microscope, instead of light reflection and absorption used fluorescence and phosphorescencea to view the samples and their properties.
Electron Microscope An electron microscope is one of the most advanced and important types of microscopes with the highest magnifying capacity. In electron microscopes electrons are used to illuminate the tiniest particles. Electron microscope is a much more powerful tool in comparison to commonly used light microscopes.
ACTIVITY: Getting Familiar with Microscopes
Answer Key
Protists are a Diverse Group of Animals
MOST OF THEM ARE UNICELLULAR
BUT THERE ARE MULTICELLULAR TOO... Multicellular protists have simpler structures than animals, plants or fungi; They also have fewer types of cells (sometimes only 1).
Protists Come in a Variety of Shapes and Sizes Euglena DiatomsSeaweed
Protists obtain energy in three ways: Photosynthesis (Plant-like protists); Parasitism (Animal-like protists); Decomposition (Fungus-like protists).
Plant-like protists: ALGAE There are unicellular and multicellular algae.
Animal-like protists: PROTOZOA Paramecium
Fungus-like protists: MOLDS