States of matter – the different forms in which matter can exist The state of a substance is determined by the arrangement of molecules that make up the substance.

Shape: Volume: definite shape/fixed shape definite volume/fixed volume

Shape: Volume: no definite shape/no fixed shape definite volume/fixed volume

Shape: Volume: no definite shape/no fixed shape no definite volume/no fixed volume

Plasma is considered the 4 th state of matter although it does not exist naturally on Earth. Plasma makes up most of our universe and is found in stars and the interstellar environment.

Plasma is made up of electrically charged particles.

4” 3”

4” solids liquids gases

Shape: Volume: Molecules: definite shape definite volume particles are very close together particles are fixed in place but can vibrate

Shape: Volume: Molecules: no definite shape definite volume particles are farther apart particles can move around one another

Shape: Volume: Molecules: no definite shape no definite volume particles are farthest apart particles can move away from one another

solid liquid gas

solid liquid gas shape volume particle spacing and movement

solid liquid gas shape volume particle spacing and movement definite shape definite volume in a fixed place can only vibrate no definite shape takes shape of container definite volume close together but not fixed can move around each other no definite shape takes shape of container no definite volume spreads to fill larger container far apart can move freely

shapevolume particle spacing and movement definite shape no definite shape takes shape of container definite volume no definite volume spreads to fill larger container close together but not fixed far apart in a fixed place can only vibrate can move around each other can move freely

Changing states – all matter can change from one state to another state State of matter changes occur when heat energy is added to or removed from a substance.

There are five processes that can change the state of matter. freezing melting sublimation condensation vaporization

Freezing is the change in state from a liquid to a solid that occurs when a substance loses heat energy. remove heat

Melting is the change in state from a solid to a liquid that occurs when a substance absorbs heat energy. add heat

Vaporization is the change in state from a liquid to a gas that occurs when a substance absorbs heat energy. add heat

Condensation is the change in state from a gas to a liquid that occurs when a substance loses heat energy. remove heat

Sublimation is the change in state from a solid directly to a gas that occurs when a substance absorbs heat energy. add heat

freezing melting 1.change in state from a liquid to a solid 2.heat energy is removed or lost 1.change in state from a solid to a liquid 2.heat energy is added or absorbed Examples

vaporization - change in state from a liquid to a gas 1. evaporation - 2. boiling - occurs at the surface of the liquid occurs throughout the liquid when a liquid reaches a certain temperature (boiling point)

Two types of vaporization: 1. evaporation

2. boiling

condensation sublimation 1.change in state from a gas to a liquid 2.heat energy is removed or lost 1.change in state from a solid directly to a gas 2.heat energy is added or absorbed Examples