Solids, Liquids, & Gases MATTER Section 3.1

KMT- Kinetic Molecular Theory  Kinetic energy – the energy an object has due to its motion.  The faster an object moves, the more KE.  “All particles of matter are in constant motion.”

Baseball Picture  Describe where there is KE in this picture.

States of Matter  Solid  Liquid  Gas  Plasma

Four States of Matter  Solids  low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around  definite shape & volume  Means that shape and volume will not change when substance changes containers  crystalline - repeating geometric pattern, orderly  amorphous - no pattern (e.g. glass, wax)

Four States of Matter  Liquids  higher KE - particles can move around but are still close together  indefinite shape (takes shape of container)  definite volume (will not fill up rest of container)

Four States of Matter  Gases  high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container  indefinite shape & volume  Takes the shape and volume of the container it’s in  Not arranged in a regular pattern.

Gasses cont.  Particles are in a constant RANDOM movement motion.  The particles do not affect each other unless they collide.  During a collision, one atom might lose KE while the other speeds up. Total amount of KE stays the same.

Four States of Matter  Plasma  very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)  gas-like, indefinite shape & volume  Occurs in hot places like stars, fluorescent light bulbs, and TV tubes

Bonds

Thermal Expansion  Most matter expands when heated & contracts when cooled.   Temp causes  KE. Particles collide with more force & spread out.