New Global Patterns Chapter 13

Japan Modernizes Japan spent 1600s to 1800s in isolation –Controlled by shoguns, supreme military dictators –Daimyo, landholding warrior lords, helped shoguns keep power Japan was a feudal society, forbid foreigners and oversea travel –Dutch were allowed very limited trade

Japanese commerce and agriculture grew –Daimyo and samurai suffered financially –Merchants prospered but had no political power Shoguns lost much of their power

U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry sailed a fleet of ships to Japan –Had a letter from Millard Fillmore asking Japan to open up to the U.S. Treaty of Kanagawa opened two ports to the U.S. –U.S. gained trade rights, extraterritoriality, low taxes on U.S. imports –Japanese were humiliated

Emperor Meiji took power in 1867 and moved capital to Tokyo Started Meiji Restoration ( ) to strengthen and modernize Japan –Studied western government, technology, and customs –Created a Diet, legislature, to help govern –Zaibatsu, power industrial families, grew from increased industrialization –Japan’s homogeneous-society, same language and culture, helped country succeed

Korea, known as the “Hermit Kingdom”, forced into opening trade with Japan Japan defeated China in the First Sino- Japanese War Japan defeated Russia in the Russo- Japanese War –First Asian victory over European power Japan made Korea a protectorate and ruled harshly

Vietnamese killed Christian converts and French priests in Vietnam France invaded part for revenge, part for more trading rights France controlled Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and called it French Indochina

Siam was in between British Burma and French Indochina King Mongkut accepted western ways –Signed unfair treaties to remain free Mongkut and his son helped modernize Siam

U.S. fought Spanish-American War to free Cuba from Spain The Philippines declared independence from Spain as well After the war the U.S. was granted control of the Philippines U.S. crushed efforts by the Philippines to gain freedom –U.S. helped modernize the Philippines

Latin Americans faced problems from colonial rule Regionalism, loyalty to a local area, weakened new nations Local strongmen, caudillos formed armies to resist central government

Americans in Texas revolted and Mexico was defeated by the U.S. losing half its territory Benito Juarez started La Reforma to reform Mexican ways –Died in office and never reached his main goals General Porfirio Diaz took control as a dictator –Made advancements at the expense of the poor –Peonage made poor stay on land until debts were paid

Latin American countries remained dependent on foreign countries Some industries prospered but only the elite benefited

James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine stating the western hemisphere was off limits to European colonization –Had help from British navy to back up declaration U.S. helped Cuba gain independence from Spain –Forced Platt Amendment granting U.S. navel bases in Cuba

Issued Roosevelt Collary stating the right to be a police power in the western hemisphere –Sent troops to Latin American countries, resentment grew U.S. helped Panama gain independence from Columbia –Granted land for Panama Canal Connected Atlantic and Pacific Oceans –Anti-Americanism grew in Latin America