States of Matter

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space – Solids, liquids, or gases

What is matter made of? Matter is made of molecules. Molecules are made of atoms.atoms

What is Matter? Matter is explained by the structure and arrangement of its atoms (ie. Water=H20) Matter is composed of extremely small particles, too small to be seen with a microscope. These very extremely small particles are called atoms

What is an Element? An element is a substance made from only one type of atom.atom There are more than 100 elements that combine in a multitude of ways that make up all biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) things we encounter For example Carbon is made entirely from carbon atoms. Sodium is made entirely from sodium atoms. Carbon Sodium An element cannot be broken down (chemically) into a more simple substance.

Water= H20

Atoms have all of the properties of matter. – Volume – Mass – Shape All atoms have mass and occupy space. Atoms are the smallest part of an element that has the chemical properties of the element.

States of Matter

Three states of matter solid liquid gas At room temperature most substances exist in one of three physical states.

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases Properties of solids, liquids and gases Summary activities Diffusion Introducing states of matter The particle model Contents

The particle model The difference between solids, liquids and gases can be explained by the… All substances are made up of particles. The particles are attracted to each other. Some particles are attracted strongly to each other and others weakly. The particles move around. They are described as having kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of the particles increases with temperature.

Phases(Stages) of Matter Solids: Particles are tightly packed together and DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in place. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Examples of Solids: © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Solids have a definite SHAPE Solids have a definite VOLUME © 2013 S. Coates Example—Marble Shape = Sphere Volume = can be found using water displacement

Particles in a solid – animation Solids: Particles are tightly packed together and DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in place.

Phases of Matter Liquids: Particles are still tightly packed together and they SLIDE, move past each other. Has definite volume but not shape. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Liquids DO NOT have a definite SHAPE, they take the shape of their container. Liquids have a definite VOLUME © 2013 S. Coates Example—Orange Juice Shape = None, it takes the shape of the glass. Volume = can be found using a beaker or graduated cylinder.

Phases of Matter Examples of Liquids: © 2013 S. Coates

Particles in a liquid – animation

Phases of Matter Gases: Particles are not tightly packed together, and have so much energy they slip past each other quickly. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Examples of Gases: © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Gases DO NOT have a definite SHAPE Gases DO NOT have a definite VOLUME © 2013 S. Coates Example—Smoke Shape = Not definite. Volume = Not definite. Gases are usually always expanding.

Particles in a gas – animation

Solid, liquid or gas?

What causes matter to change phases? Energy! The adding or removing of heat.

Phases of Matter Energy is what changes a phase of matter. Argon BOILS at -186°C, so when you hold it at room temperature you can see ALL 3 phases at the same time. © 2013 S. Coates

Phases of Matter Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change: © 2013 S. Coates SolidLiquid ADDED The added energy has caused the chocolate particles to speed up. Before they were vibrating in place, now they are moving fast enough to slip past one another. ADDED The added energy has caused the chocolate particles to speed up. Before they were vibrating in place, now they are moving fast enough to slip past one another.

Phases of Matter Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change: © 2013 S. Coates LiquidGas ADDED The added energy has caused the water particles to speed up. Before they were moving fast enough to slip past one another, now they have enough energy to break away from one another and expand.

Phases of Matter Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change: © 2013 S. Coates LiquidSolid Taken Away Taking away energy from a rain drop slows the water molecules down so that they no longer slide past one another.