WarmUp #3 Identify: …for each of the below terms, organize via this format… who they were (or who was involved), what they did (what they were), when they lived (when was it written), where they lived/had influence, & why they are significant): 1.Eleanor of Aquitaine 2.William the Conqueror 3.Charlemagne 4.Magna Carta

Feudalism & Manor System

Development of Feudalism feudalism: political & social system –nobles offer protection/land to vassals, in return for labor/service vassal: person who served the lord, in the military or in the fields fief: land given to vassal by lord armies generally made up of foot soldiers (infantry) & knights

Feudalism king vassal Similar hierarchical modern examples: drug cartels, the mafia etc.

Manor System innovations led to more efficient production –water wheels for water/wind power (mills) –iron tools: hoe, axe, scythe, plowshare –horses used in plowing –3-field system: crop rotation, as fields divided into thirds instead of into halves manor: agricultural estate owned by lord & worked by peasants many free peasants became serfs: peasants legally tied to the land…thus cannot move away peasants paid lord percentage (%) of crop surpluses & 1/10 (tithe) to Church

3-Field Crop Rotation & a Mill

Nobility nobles: men with titles (Lord, Duke, Earl, etc.) & land –lots of political power chivalry: code of ethics/behavior to which knights were expected to live by –treat prisoners well –fight for honor –treat women well Lords of estate were often at war, so the lady ran estate, in his absence –food, finances, supplies for land, etc.

A Peasant’s Life

lived in simple 1-2 room cottages cycles of labor: most in fall/autumn (harvest season) feast days: Roman Catholic holidays to celebrate the great events of faith –no work –got to eat meat –be with friends & extended family mostly ate bread, vegetables & cheese clean water was hard to get…so drank ale

Trade

with the end of the Viking raids, Muslim invasions, etc., peace returned & trade, as well… trade fairs: meeting of merchants merchants demanded coins instead of bartering = money economy began to have bankers to exchange money, etc. created commercial capitalism: economic system invested in trade/goods to make $$$

Towns merchants moved near trade routes needed protection –moved near castles, –built walls around cities/towns narrow/winding/dark streets –houses hung over street fires because all of the buildings were made of wood until 14 th Century rotten smells…b/c of human/animal waste & the constant burning of wood/dung for businesses water polluted (butchers/tanners)…relied on well H20 women helped their husbands to run businesses –took over if husband should die

Towns

Industry & Guilds craftsmen organized into guilds: business associations set quality of production, price, etc. to join guild: –apprentice –journeyman –master…after created masterpiece was approved by guild

Manors vs. Towns Write a one-page well-crafted essay in which you argue whether you would rather live in a medieval manor or town. –try to convince us of your argument –state your facts to support your argument –references in text: Manor life: pgs Towns: pgs