The Trunk and Spinal Column Chapter 12 The Trunk and Spinal Column

Skull Vomer Nasal Conchae Parietal Palatine Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Occipital Lacrimal Nasal External Occipital Protuberance Maxilla Temporal Zygomatic Vomer Sphenoid Mastoid Process Mandible Superior Nuchal Line (3rd picture #2) Label

Vertebra Intervertebral Foramen Spinous Process Articular Processes Lamina Transverse Processes Pedicle Vertebral Foramen Body Label

Vertebral Column Regional Structures Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) . Transverse Foramen Atlas Axis (Odontoid Process) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Median Sacral Crest Sacral Canal Sacral Foramen Sacral Hiatus Superior Articular Facet Superior Sacral Notch Coccyx (4) Bifed Spinous Process Superior & Inferior Costal Facets Transverse Costal Facets Sacral (5)

Sternum Jugular Notch Clavicular Notch Manubrium Sternal Angle Costal Notches Body Transverse Ridges Xyphoid Process LABEL

Rib Cage Superior Border Tubercle Costal Angle Neck Head Inferior Border True (7) Costal Groove I wasn’t sure about the ones that stay there permanantly Shaft False (3) Floating (2) Label Label

Joints Atlantooccipital Atlantoaxial

Vertebral Facet Joints

Intervertebral Disks Annulus Fibrosis Nucleus Pulposus

Ligaments Ligamentum Nuchae Intertransverse Supraspinal Anterior Longitudinal Posterior Longitudinal Interspinal Ligamentum Flavum

Ligaments Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Ligamenta Flava Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Movements and Range of Motion Cervical Region: Flexion 45° Extension 45° Lateral Flexion 45° Rotation 60° Lumbar Region: Flexion 20° to 30° Extension 20° to 30° Lateral Flexion 35° Rotation 45°

Major Muscles of the Spine Sternocleidomastoid Strengthen Stretch

Major Muscles of the Spine Splenius Cervicus Strengthen Stretch

Major Muscles of the Spine Splenius Capitis Strengthen Stretch

Major Muscles of the Spine Erector Spinae Spinalis Strengthen Stretch

Major Muscles of the Spine Erector Spinae Longissimus Strengthen Stretch

Major Muscles of the Spine Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Strengthen Stretch

Major Muscles of the Spine Quadratus Lumborum Strengthen Stretch

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Rectus Abdominis Strengthen Stretch

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Internal Oblique Strengthen Stretch

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall External Oblique Strengthen Stretch

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Transverse Abdominis

Lordosis Excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar spine Causes Characteristics Relationship of ASIS to PSIS Relationship to low back pain? How to strengthen Tight/Inflexible Muscles How to stretch Anterior Pelvic Tilt Abdominal protrusion Weak Muscles

Scoliosis Signs of Scoliosis Lateral deviation(s) of the spine Causes Characteristics Incidence Classification Curvature & Rotational Deformity Signs of Scoliosis Simple “C” Compound “S” Treatment