Regulation of Salt and Water Balance Part 2. Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) as its name implies.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
Advertisements

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis
Unit Fourteen: Endocrinology and Reproduction
Water, Electrolytes, and
 2009 Cengage-Wadsworth Chapter 14 Body Fluid & Electrolyte Balance.
Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Blood pressure regulation and tissue blood flow Reverend Dr David CM Taylor
Copyright © 2013, 2010 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 43 Review of Hemodynamics.
PHYSIOLOGY OF WATER- ELECTROLYTES BALANCE. Total body water in adult human % %
Glomerulotubular Balance-The Ability of the Tubules to Increase Reabsorption Rate in Response to Increased Tubular Load.
1. What does endo- mean? 2. What is a hormone? 3. What does the word negative mean? 4. What does the word diffusion mean? 5. What is mitosis? 6. What is.
Lecture 5 Regulation of Sodium and Water Excretion ….. essentially same as….. Regulating Plasma Volume and Osmolarity.
Urinary System Spring 2010.
Nucleus cytoplasm extracellular fluid water Na+ K+ Cl- sugars proteins plasma intracellular fluid 7% 26% 67%
Hormone Regulation of Urine Formation
Renal Structure and Function. Introduction Main function of kidney is excretion of waste products (urea, uric acid, creatinine, etc). Other excretory.
Blood Flow. Due to the pressure difference of two vessel ends.
Blood Pressure Regulation 2
Role of Kidneys In Regulation Of Potassium Levels In ECF
Chapter 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation. Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular regulation Exercise.
Endo 2: Endocrine control For each hormone, know … - name and location of secreting organ - chemical class and receptor type (where given) - target(s)
Blood Pressure The maintenance of blood pressure is dependent upon intrinsic (stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output) , reflex (baroreceptors and.
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAA) Pathway. The First Stages Person is dehydrated, has a sodium ion deficiency or is hemorrhaging, any of these stimuli.
Autoregulation The Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system is an important endocrine component of autoregulation. Renin is released by kidneys when.
Cells Respond to Their External Environments Chapter 8.
Chapter 26: Hormones and the Endocrine System
Chapter 16.2: Blood Flow Through Blood Vessels. Resistance -Vascular Resistance: the opposition to blood flow due to friction between blood and blood.
Illinois State University Hormonal Regulation of Exercise Chapter 21 and 22.
Driving Force of Filtration n The filtration across membranes is driven by the net filtration pressure n The net filtration pressure = net hydrostatic.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D. H UMAN P HYSIOLOGY PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide.
Adrenal Glands Part 2. Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Control of Adrenal Cortical Hormone Synthesis Control of aldosterone synthesis: The control of aldosterone.
Blood Water Homeostasis (Osmoregulation)
Endocrinology (Introduction)
Regulation of Salt and Water Balance. Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) General Considerations Perfusion of tissues is ensured by maintaining both a sufficient.
Human Anatomy and Physiology Renal function. Functions Regulation of water and electrolytes Maintain plasma volume Acid-base balance Eliminate metabolic.
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Hormones produced by other Major organs Kelly Diaz 3/4/14 A&P.
Blood Pressure Regulation- Background info ► Water will go where there are high concentrations of Salt ► Increase in water = increase in volume ► Increase.
Blood Pressure Regulation 2
Introduction to Homeostasis
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Origin of the Hyperosmotic Renal Medulla
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/ Vasopressin Cell Communication By: Alejandra Ospina, Megan Campbell.
Regulation of Potassium K+
Endocrine Physiology The Adrenal Gland 1 Dr. Khalid Al-Regaiey.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Reabsorption and Secretion  ADH  Hormone that causes special water.
Regulation of Na +, K + and water Chapter 14 pages
Transduction of Extracellular Signals Specific receptors in plasma membranes respond to external chemicals (ligands) that cannot cross the membrane: hormones,
Dr. Hana Alzamil King Saud University.  Endocrine vs exocrine gland  Chemical messengers  Hormone  Definition  Chemical structure  Paracrine, autocrine,
Hormonal Control During Exercise. Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones Several endocrine glands in body; each may produce more than one hormone Hormones.
Regulation of Blood Volume
(Option H – Higher Level Human Physiology / Paper 3)
Cardiovascular Dynamics Part 2 Biology 260. Maintaining Blood Pressure Requires – Cooperation of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys – Supervision by.
Date of download: 7/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Role of the Natriuretic Peptide System in Cardiorenal.
Blood Pressure Regulation 2
Kidney Functions and regulation
Renal mechanisms for control ECF
Atrial Natriuretic Peptides [ANP]
Renal Regulation of Body Fluid
Figure 1 Feedback mechanisms to maintain body fluid balance
Regulation of Salt and Water Balance
PHYSIOLOGY OF WATER-ELECTROLYTES BALANCE
Volume 82, Issue 1, Pages 7-8 (July 2012)
Kidney Functions and regulation
Atrial Natriuretic Peptides [ANP]
what do you mean I’m Hormonal?
Kidney Functions and regulation
Regulation of Salt and Water Balance
Hormonal Control of Tubular Reabsorption HORMONES THAT REGULATE ABSORPTION EFFECTS Aldosterone ↑ NaCl,H2 O reabsorption, ↑ K+ secretion Angiotensin.
Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Presentation transcript:

Regulation of Salt and Water Balance Part 2

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) as its name implies promotes the excretion of sodium (Natrium in Latin) in the urine It is synthesized, stored in membrane-bound granules, and secreted by exocytosis from cardiac atrial myocytes A second natriuretic peptide originally isolated from pig brain, and therefore called brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), is also produced in the atria and to a greater extent in ventricles of the human heart 2

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) The biological actions of both ANF and BNP are mediated by natriuretic peptide receptor- A (NPR-A), which forms dimers or tetramers in the membranes of target cells ANF and BNF produce their biological effects by stimulating the formation of cyclic GMP, which may modify cellular functions through at least three mechanisms: 3

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) 1.Cyclic GMP binds to and activates cyclic GMP- dependent protein kinase (PKG), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of key regulatory proteins 2.Cyclic GMP also binds to and regulates the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, and may therefore lower cellular concentrations of cyclic AMP 3.Finally, cyclic GMP may bind directly to ion channel proteins and regulate their activity 4

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Physiological actions The physiological role of ANF is to protect against volume overload Through its combined effects on the cardiovascular system, the kidneys, and the adrenal glands, it lowers mean arterial blood pressure and decreases the effective blood volume Its physiological effects are essentially opposite to those of angiotensin II 5

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Actions of Atrial Natriuretic Factor 6 Direct and indirect actions of ANF on the kidney

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Regulation of ANF Secretion Under normal physiological circumstances expansion of vascular volume increases the rate of right atrial filling and hence atrial pressure The principal stimulus for secretion of ANF is increased stretch of atrial muscle fibers produced by increased atrial pressure Stretch-activated ion channels allow entry of cations and trigger ANF secretion Increased secretion of ANF reduces the effective blood volume as described earlier, and when blood volume is restored to the normal range, secretion returns to basal levels 7

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Integrated Compensatory Responses to Changes in Salt and Water Balance The three hormones—ADH, angiotensin II, and aldosterone—collaborate to maintain or increase the effective volume of the blood plasma In addition to reinforcing each other’s effects, each of these hormones acts at multiple sites to reinforce its own effects Physiological responses to these hormones are countered by the natriuretic peptides, which act at many of the same target sites 8

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Changes in Blood Volume Volume changes can take several forms and may or may not be accompanied by changes in osmolality (sodium balance) 9

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Hemorrhage 10

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Dehydration 11

Dr. M. Alzaharna (2014) Salt loading and depletion 12