The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide. picks up oxygen from inhaled air expels carbon dioxide and water

Epiglottis - flap of skin that covers the trachea when swallowing Path of air Nose & mouth – air enters here. Nose is lined with hair and mucus membranes to help trap particles. Epiglottis - flap of skin that covers the trachea when swallowing Larynx – “voice box” where vocal cord are (2 ligaments) nose mouth epiglottis trachea larynx

Trachea – cartilaginous “windpipe” Path of air Trachea – cartilaginous “windpipe” Bronchi – tubes that lead to each lung Bronchioles – branches off the bronchi Alveoli – air sacs at the end of the bronchi where gas exchange with the blood occurs trachea lungs bronchi bronchi bronchioles lungs

Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage. Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure. Air inhaled. Muscles contract and rib cage expands. Diaphragm flattens and moves downward. Air exhaled. Muscles and rib cage relax. Diaphragm relaxes and rises.

The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood. The lungs contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Millions of alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area. The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air you inhale.

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to and from the alveoli. oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells carbon dioxide diffuses from capillary into alveoli ALVEOLI GAS EXCHANGES alveolus capillary co2 o2 CO2 diffuses into alveolus. O2 diffuses into blood. capillaries

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Breathing is regulated by the brain stem. midbrain pons medulla oblongata spinal chord

Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.

Smoking Destroys alveoli. Paralyzes the cilia that line your trachea and bronchi. Causes genetic mutations leading to cancer. Particles build up in your lungs and form tar.

Lung diseases reduce airflow and oxygen absorption. Emphysema destroys alveoli. Person has trouble exhaling enough air and looks “barrel-chested”

Asthma causes bronchioles to constrict due to muscle spasms Attacks can be triggered by allergies, stress, exposure to smoke & chemicals, or exercise

Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange. Cystic fibrosis genetic disease that produces sticky mucus Clogs airways Allows microorganisms to thrive in lungs