AFRICA HIV/AIDS AIDS DATA SOURCE: UNAIDS 2007 REPORT WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

A global view of HIV infection 33 million people [30–36 million] living with HIV,

HIV prevalence (%) in adults in Africa,

Changes in population structure: Ghana and Lesotho 2.12 Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision,

2a COUNTRY Time period for which prevalence data were available Prevalence trend a Percent of young people (15–19 years) having had sex before age 15 b Proportion having sex with more than one partner in the last 12 months c Condom use during last sex among those with more than one partner in the last 12 months d FemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMales ANGOLA a ID BAHAMAS  BENIN b 2000–2006 ** ↔↔ ** **  BOTSWANA 2001–2006 ** ** BURKINA FASO 2000–2006 **  ** ** ** ** ↔ ** BURUNDI 1999–2004  ↔ ** CAMEROON a ID ** ** ** ** ** ** CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC b  CHAD a ID **  **  CONGO a ID CÔTE d’IVOIRE 2000–2004 ** ID **  ** ** ** ↔ DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO a ID Analysis of trends among 15–24-year-olds in high prevalence countries (all countries with national prevalence that exceeded 3% and 4 additional countries in Africa with notable prevalence levels): HIV prevalence among pregnant women (2000–2007) in sentinel surveillance systems, and selected sexual behaviours among women and men (1994 – 2007) from national surveys NOTES: [1] Highlighted cells indicate positive trends in prevalence or behaviour. [2]* Consistent sites only were used in the analysis of change in HIV prevalence over time, for a minimum of three years. Significance test based on H 0 : slope =0 LEGEND: [ a ] Prevalence obtained from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in selected. [ b ] Among 15–19 years olds, proportion reported having had sex by age 15. Analyses based on DHS, MICS or national surveys conducted between 1990 and [ c ] Among 15–24 years olds, proportion reported having had sex with more than one partner in the last 12 months. Analyses based on data from repeat DHS or national surveys conducted between 1990 and [ d ] Among 15–24 years olds, proportion of those with more than one partner reporting having used a condom the last time they had sex. Analyses based on data from repeat DHS or national surveys conducted between 1990 and [  ] Observed increase in HIV prevalence or behaviour. [  ] Observed decrease in HIV prevalence or behaviour. [  * ] Statistically significant decrease in HIV prevalence of more than 25% or significant decrease in measured behavioural indicator. Analysis of prevalence based on regression analysis; analysis of behaviour based on Chi-square or Chi-square test for trend. [  * ] Statistically significant increase in measured behavioural indicator. Analysis of behaviour based on Chi-square or Chi- square test for trend. [↔] No evidence of change. [ID] Insufficient data, i.e. less than three years of data received. FIRST OF 3 PARTS:

2b COUNTRY Time period for which prevalence data were available Prevalence trend a Percent of young people (15–19 years) having had sex before age 15 b Proportion having sex with more than one partner in the last 12 months c Condom use during last sex among those with more than one partner in the last 12 months d FemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMales DJIBOUTI b ETHIOPIA b ** ** ** **  GABON b GAMBIA b GHANA b ** ** ↔↔ **  HAITI b ** **  ** KENYA 2000–2005 ** ** ↔↔ ** **  ** LESOTHO a 2003–2007↔  LIBERIA b MALAWI e 1999–2005 ** ↔ ** **  ** ↔  MOZAMBIQUE f 2000–2007 ↔ ↔ ** NAMIBIA 2002–2006  ↔ ** ↔ ** **  Analysis of trends among 15–24-year-olds in high prevalence countries (all countries with national prevalence that exceeded 3% and 4 additional countries in Africa with notable prevalence levels): HIV prevalence among pregnant women (2000–2007) in sentinel surveillance systems, and selected sexual behaviours among women and men (1994 – 2007) from national surveys NOTES: [1] Highlighted cells indicate positive trends in prevalence or behaviour. [2]* Consistent sites only were used in the analysis of change in HIV prevalence over time, for a minimum of three years. Significance test based on H 0 : slope =0 LEGEND: [ a ] Prevalence obtained from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in selected. [ b ] Among 15–19 years olds, proportion reported having had sex by age 15. Analyses based on DHS, MICS or national surveys conducted between 1990 and [ c ] Among 15–24 years olds, proportion reported having had sex with more than one partner in the last 12 months. Analyses based on data from repeat DHS or national surveys conducted between 1990 and [ d ] Among 15–24 years olds, proportion of those with more than one partner reporting having used a condom the last time they had sex. Analyses based on data from repeat DHS or national surveys conducted between 1990 and [  ] Observed increase in HIV prevalence or behaviour. [  ] Observed decrease in HIV prevalence or behaviour. [  * ] Statistically significant decrease in HIV prevalence of more than 25% or significant decrease in measured behavioural indicator. Analysis of prevalence based on regression analysis; analysis of behaviour based on Chi-square or Chi-square test for trend. [  * ] Statistically significant increase in measured behavioural indicator. Analysis of behaviour based on Chi-square or Chi- square test for trend. [↔] No evidence of change. [ e ] Semi-urban and urban areas were combined in analysis of urban data. [ f ] Analysis in Mozambique combined for South, North and Central. SECOND OF 3 PARTS:

2c COUNTRY Time period for which prevalence data were available Prevalence trend a Percent of young people (15–19 years) having had sex before age 15 b Proportion having sex with more than one partner in the last 12 months c Condom use during last sex among those with more than one partner in the last 12 months d FemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMales NIGERIA a RWANDA 1998–2003  ND ** ** **  SIERRA LEONE a ID SOUTH AFRICA g 2000–2006 ↔ ** ↔ SUDAN a SWAZILAND 2002–2006  TOGO a UGANDA b **  ↔↔ ** ** UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA 2000–2006↔  ↔ ** ** ** ** ** ZAMBIA h 1998–2004 ↔ ** ** ** **  ZIMBABWE 2000–2004 **  ↔ ** ** ** ↔↔ Analysis of trends among 15–24-year-olds in high prevalence countries (all countries with national prevalence that exceeded 3% and 4 additional countries in Africa with notable prevalence levels): HIV prevalence among pregnant women (2000–2007) in sentinel surveillance systems, and selected sexual behaviours among women and men (1994 – 2007) from national surveys NOTES: [1] Highlighted cells indicate positive trends in prevalence or behaviour. [2]* Consistent sites only were used in the analysis of change in HIV prevalence over time, for a minimum of three years. Significance test based on H 0 : slope =0 LEGEND: [ a ] Prevalence obtained from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in selected. [ b ] Among 15–19 years olds, proportion reported having had sex by age 15. Analyses based on DHS, MICS or national surveys conducted between 1990 and [ c ] Among 15–24 years olds, proportion reported having had sex with more than one partner in the last 12 months. Analyses based on data from repeat DHS or national surveys conducted between 1990 and [ d ] Among 15–24 years olds, proportion of those with more than one partner reporting having used a condom the last time they had sex. Analyses based on data from repeat DHS or national surveys conducted between 1990 and [  ] Observed increase in HIV prevalence or behaviour. [  ] Observed decrease in HIV prevalence or behaviour. [  * ] Statistically significant decrease in HIV prevalence of more than 25% or significant decrease in measured behavioural indicator. Analysis of prevalence based on regression analysis; analysis of behaviour based on Chi-square or Chi-square test for trend. [  * ] Statistically significant increase in measured behavioural indicator. Analysis of behaviour based on Chi-square or Chi- square test for trend. [↔] No evidence of change. [ID] Insufficient data, i.e. less than three years of data received. [ND] Data not received. [ g ] No data received in response to working group process; analyses based on data in South Africa surveillance report. [ h ] No data received in response to working group process; analyses based on data reported in Zambia 2005 surveillance report. Analysis based on urban and rural data combined. LAST OF 3 PARTS:

Percent of adults (15+) living with HIV who are female 1990–

Percentage of incident tuberculosis cases in people living with HIV receiving both antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis medications, Source: UNGASS data provided by countries, Oceania (2) (total number of UN member states in the region) Caribbean (10) East Asia (12) Eastern Europe and Central Asia (12) Latin America (14) North Africa and Middle East (3) GLOBAL (76) South and South- East Asia (8) Sub- Saharan Africa (22) Western and Central Europe (3) % ( Note: No data from North America )

6.2 HIV-Related Labour Costs Source: Piot P et al. (2007). Squaring the Circle: AIDS, Poverty, and Human Development. SECTORCOUNTRYNUMBER OF WORKERS IN SECTOR ESTIMATED HIV PREVALEN CE (% of Adult Population) COST PER AIDS DEATHS OR RETIREMENT (Multiple of Annual Compensation) AGGREGATE ANNUAL COSTS (% of Labor Cost) Retail South Africa Agribusiness South Africa Uganda Kenya22, Zambia1, Manufacturing South Africa1, Uganda Ethiopia1, Ethiopia1, Media South Africa 3, Utility South Africa>25, Mining South Africa Botswana Tourism Zambia

Orphans due to AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, from 2006 projected to Source: UNICEF, UNAIDS, WHO, Millions AIDS orphans_base AIDS orphans scaled phase-up AIDS orphans UA2010