Chapter 2: Mesopotamia & Persia Lesson 2: Sumer & Babylon

Warm-up 9-4-14 Ch.2 Mesopotamia Whip around: On a new sheet of paper write 1 thing you know about the Mesopotamian world. Pass that paper to the person on your right. On the paper you received, write something different or additional about the Mesopotamian world. Obj: SWBAT apply knowledge of ancient Mesopotamia to describe the context of the people on an exit slip. Chapter 2 9-4-14 Warm-up: Homework Due Friday Read Chapter 2, Pg. Cue Cards (7) Due: Chapter 2 Refer to Chapter sheet

Intro to Ancient Mesopotamian Art Ancient Mesopotamian Art Context Humanity had settled in farms The use of plows and irrigation canals This area was known as the “Fertile Crescent” Area between Iraq and Iran, around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers The first clear narrative in art appears

Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Sumerian Art Sumerian Dates: 3500 BCE- 2332 BCE Key Locations: southern Iraq Contextual Information: Composed of city-states— independent self-governing city Sumerian rulers were viewed as the god’s representatives on earth & keepers of earthly treasures Food and resources were readily available so many people could do other jobs—manufacture, trade, administration Institutionalized defense—armies formed by the government

Sumerian Art Sumerian Writing appeared—scratching of pictographs in soft clay Simple pictures standing for words Cuneiforms– wedge shapes signs pressed into clay—beginnings of writing Appearance of literature: The Epic of Gilgamesh Story of Gilagmesh, a Uruk king who slayed the monster Huwana

Class Expectations 1. Students are respectful of everyone and all belongings 2. Students are prepared and on time with all materials 3. Students follow directions the first time given 4. Students keep food and drinks away during class (water only) 5. Students keep personal electronics off and out of sight (explicit permission will be given to use electronics). Hoods off Food Away Backpacks, purses, bags, etc. on back of chair or under desk

Announcements: Agenda: Quiz grades are in the grade book Make up/re-take quiz today or Thursday after school Make sure you have your text book Pass back graded work Agenda: Warm-up Announcements and Reminders Finish presentations Babylonian art Office Hours Tuesday 3:00-4:00 Thursday 3:00-4:00

Subscribe to Mrs. Quiggle’s webpage Go to the Hawthrone high school website and search “Quiggle”. Go to the class page. Homework Go Here

Cue Card Groups 3-4 people to one group Exchange phone numbers and emails All works of art to be covered in this course WILL NOT be addressed during class. It will be your responsibility to research those not covered. You will create “Cue Cards,” like flash cards, of all artworks for homework. Divide the list of artworks for each chapter among your group and complete your part then share info with your group--combine your efforts to complete all cue cards.

Daily Notes/Warm-ups (Cornell Notes) Chapter 1 8-27-14 Warm-up: Chapter 1 Pre-Historic art Chapter 1 8-25-14 Key Terms & Questions Notes Chapter 1 Summary Lecture summary or end of lesson question & Answer

Intro to Mesopotamia Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Intro to Ancient Mesopotamian Art Ancient Mesopotamian Art Context Humanity had settled in farms The use of plows and irrigation canals This area was known as the “Fertile Crescent” Area between Iraq and Iran, around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers The first clear narrative in art appears

Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Stylistic Characteristics Style – The manner of doing something A distinctive appearance Think of different fonts: Font Example: Prehistoric art Pictures horses and bison in profile Animal drawn in composite view or ‘twisted perspective’—head in profile but horns from the front.

What was the purpose of this structure? Temple (cella) What was the purpose of this structure? Ziggurat 2-2 Reconstruction drawing of the White Temple and ziggurat Bent Axis White Temple and ziggurat, Uruk http://www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/_ART201/sumeria.htm

Sumerian Art White Temple and ziggurat, Uruk Dates: 3200-3000 BCE Materials: mud brick Orientation/Plan: “Ziggurat”—high platform, temple sits on top Bent Axis—2 or more angular changes (in the stairway).

Sumerian Art White Temple and ziggurat, Uruk Function/Significance: Center for administration (gov’t), business and religion. Place to worship deities Large scale = impressive power of ruler/admin/religion

Sumerian Art Restored view of the White Temple and ziggurat, Description: “Ziggurat”—high platform, temple sits on top Bent Axis—2 or more angular changes (in the stairway). “Cella”—central hall where deities appear to priests, the room of the divine Bent Axis

Statuettes of Worshipers Flashcard www.accd.edu/.../arts1303/Chapter2.htm Statuettes of Worshipers Votive Figures www.accd.edu/.../arts1303/Chapter2.htm

Sumerian Art Statuettes of two worshipers, from the Square Temple at Eshnunna Dates: ca. 2700 BCE Materials: gypsum, shell inlay, black limestone Size: 12”-30” Figures/Narrative Represented: Mortals/people of Ur In constant prayer Hold beakers—for liquid used in rituals

Sumerian Art Statuettes of two worshipers, from the Square Temple at Eshnunna Style Characteristics: Simple forms—cones & cylinder Tiny hands, Large eyes, stiff/rigid Use of Hierarchical scale Function/Significance: Surrogate that prays for the person Placed in temple “waiting room”

Standard of Ur (war side) Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Standard of Ur (war side) from Tomb 779, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq ca. 2,600 B.C.E. wood, shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone approximately 8 x 19 in.

Sumerian Art Standard of Ur Dates: ca. 2600-2400 BCE Materials: Wood box inlaid w/shell, red limestone, lapis lazuli (blue stone) Size: 8”x 1’7”

Sumerian Art Standard of Ur Figures/Narrative Represented: War side & Peace side Shows the roles of the ruler War side = chariots with bodies on the ground, captives brought to the king Peace side = carrying food, transport animals, entertainment for the king (possible celebration for war victory)

Sumerian Art Standard of Ur Style: Use of “registers”— successive bands (like a comic book) Use of ground line—painted baseline on which figures stand Use of hierarchical scale– size of figures indicate importance and status Composite view--Figures heads in profile, shoulders face forward

Sumerian Art Standard of Ur Function: Shows the roles of the ruler Shows the power and authority of ruler and his army How does this work represent the new developments in the Mesopotamian/Sumerian world?

Standard of Ur Flashcard Narrative Registers http://www.accd.edu/sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/Chapter2.htm www.hp.uab.edu/image_archive/ue/uec.html www.britannica.com

Standard of Ur (peace side) Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Standard of Ur (peace side) from Tomb 779, Royal Cemetery Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq ca. 2,600 B.C.E. wood, shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone approximately 8 x 19 in.

Slide concept by William V Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.

Stele with code of Hammurabi from Susa, Iran Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Stele with code of Hammurabi from Susa, Iran ca. 1,780 B.C.E. basalt 88 in. high

Babylonian Art Stele of Hammurabi Dates: ca. 1780 BCE Materials: Black Basalt Size: 7’ 4” Figures/Narrative Represented: Hammurabi (king of Babylon) with Shamesh the sun god Sun god is handing him a rod & ring—symbol of authority The objects are building materials—symbolizes building social order  enforcing laws/making judgments How does this work represent the new developments in the Mesopotamian world?

Babylonian Art Stele of Hammurabi Style Characteristics: Carved stone relief—high areas project from background Use of cuneiform characters Foreshortening attempted—suggested depth in the diagonal of the beard and angle of the throne. Composite view--face in profile but frontal view of body Hierarchical scale—king is as important as the god. How does this work represent the new developments in the Mesopotamian world?

Babylonian Art Stele of Hammurabi Function/Significance: “Stele”– stone slab that is a grave marker or shows historical event Written laws of the time—commerce, property, murder, theft, slaves, infidelity How does this work represent the new developments in the Mesopotamian world?

Stele with law code of Hammurabi Predecessor to Foreshortening – Depth suggested by an object at an angle Composite Views Hierarchy of Scale

Palace of Darius I and Xerxes I Persepolis, Iran Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Palace of Darius I and Xerxes I Persepolis, Iran ca. 521-465 B.C.E.

audience hall - apadana) Persepolis (royal audience hall - apadana) Reconstruction of apadana with bull capitals Bull Capitals faculty.evansville.edu/.../sum04/art105-12.html

Palace of Darius I and Xerxes I Persepolis, Iran Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Palace of Darius I and Xerxes I Persepolis, Iran ca. 521-465 B.C.E.

Palace of Darius I and Xerxes I Persepolis, Iran Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights. Palace of Darius I and Xerxes I Persepolis, Iran ca. 521-465 B.C.E.

How to make Cue Cards Back

How to make Cue Cards

Exit Slip Answer the following in complete sentences: How has the context of the Mesopotamian people changed from that of the Paleolithic and Neolithic people? Describe the new developments in the world that occurred. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.