Plate Tectonics. Continental drift – Wegner’s idea that states continents have moved horizontally along Earth’s surface to their present positions.

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Presentation transcript:

Plate Tectonics

Continental drift – Wegner’s idea that states continents have moved horizontally along Earth’s surface to their present positions

The drawbacks to continental drift

Pangaea – one supercontinent

Plates are constantly moving

Plate Boundary Features

Evidence that supports Continental Drift 1. Continents fit together like puzzle pieces.

Going Back in Time!!! 230 mya

Evidence that supports Continental Drift 2.Matching rock layers that were found on Africa and South America.

Evidence that supports Continental Drift 3. Matching fossils of land-based dinosaurs such as Mesosaurus in the southern region of both Africa and South America.

Evidence that supports Continental Drift 4.Ancient Climates – Evidence of ice sheets on continents. Tropical plant fossils found in the rocks of Antarctica.

Evidence that supports Continental Drift (seafloor spreading) Harry Hess 5. Polarity of ocean crust Earth’s poles reverse over and over so the iron in the basaltic ocean crust points in different directions. (look at animation!!!!) PaleomagnitismPaleomagnitismPaleomagnitismPaleomagnitism 20km ge01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Seafloor Spreading and Magnetization

Glomar Challenger

Evidence that supports Continental Drift (seafloor spreading) Age of ocean rock The Glomar Challenger was a drilling ship that found that the youngest ocean rock is near the rift zones and gets older the further away you get from them. Red – Young Yellow – Average Blue - Old

Convergent Boundaries – Coming together Subduction – trenches form

Convergent Divergent Subduction

Asthenosphere underneath

Divergent Plate Boundary Mid-Ocean Ridge Rift Valley Young Ocean Floor Old Ocean Floor

Divergent Boundary Place on the Earth’s crust where the plates are moving away from each other. Rift Valley Mid-Oceanic Ridges *Tension Forces New Ocean Floor Creation

Two plates moving against one another

Strike-Slip (Transform)

Transform Fault / Strike Slip (Shearing force)

San Andreas fault (California) Transform Fault/ Strike-Slip Boundary

Two Continental Plates

Continental Plates Collide

Continental Plates

Form Mountains (Himalayas, Ural)

Convergent Margins: India-Asia Collision I

Convergent Boundary Occur in areas where two tectonic plates are colliding into one another. Continental Plate Oceanic Plate Subduction com/books/earth_scie nce/terc/content/visual izations/es0808/es080 8page01.cfm?chapter _no=visualization

Continental-Continental Convergence Two low density granitic plates colliding creates mountains like the Himalayas (Mt. Everest)

Oceanic-Continental Convergent Boundaries (Subduction)

Oceanic plate in water

Continent Oceanic Crust WET

Subduction!!!!! Magma Chamber

Oceanic-Continental Convergence Pressure eventually melts the oceanic plate creating less dense magma that comes to the surface through continental volcanic arcs (Andes). More dense oceanic plate Less dense continental plate Subduction Zone!!!!

Yummy!

ANDES

Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Volcanoes form on the ocean floor creating volcanic islands arcs. (Philippines, Japan)

Hotspots (like Hawaii) The Hawaiian Islands were formed as the Pacific Plate moved in a Northwesterly direction over a hot spot. The hot spot never moves. Magma spurts out of the hot spot creating a volcanic island chain. Seamounts

Quiz – Part 1 Indicate divergent, convergent, transform

Quiz!!!!! 1.What is the name of the ancient super continent. 2.Who proposed the theory of Continental Drift? 3.Name three pieces of evidence that support continental drift. 4.Draw a convergent Oceanic-Continental boundary. Label all features. 5.Name a famous transform fault.