LSW Athletics Athletic Training

What is a Concussion? Concussions are defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. Concussions may be caused by a direct blow to the head, face, neck, or elsewhere on the body with an “impulsive” force transmitted to the head. (McCrory, Meeuwisse, Johnston, Dvorak, Aubry, Molloy, Cantu; Journal of Athletic Training 2009)

What is a Concussion?  The term “ding” or “bell rung” should not be used to describe a sport-related concussion.  Use of these terms generally carries a connotation that diminishes the seriousness of the injury.  If an athlete shows concussion-like symptoms after contact to the head, the athlete has, at the very least, sustained a mild concussion and should be treated for a concussion. (Guskiewicz, Bruce, Cantu, McCrea; Journal of Athletic Training 2004)

Signs & Symptoms  Headache  Nausea  Balance problems or dizziness  Double or fuzzy vision  Sensitivity to light or noise  Feeling sluggish  Feeling "foggy"  Change in sleep pattern  Concentration or memory problems  Change in mood or behavior  Emotional/Sadness/Irritable

Second Impact Syndrome  If concussions are not managed correctly and the athlete continues to play or goes back to play too early not allowing the brain to recover completely, the athlete can develop “ Second Impact Syndrome.”  A second blow to the head, even if it is a minor one, can result in a loss of auto regulation of the brain's blood supply. Loss of auto regulation leads to brain swelling. This causes increased intracranial pressure leading to herniation of the brain. This can result in death and or lifelong impairment.

E:60 Second Impact

Management of Concussions  Early recognition of a concussion.  Monitor signs and symptoms.  Retest with ImPact until scores are at or above baseline. (Retests are done every 4-5 days)  Exertional exercises resume after 2 days asymptomatic. Progress into full contact drills.  Clearance by an Athletic Trainer and Physician for return to play.

Prevention  No magical formula to prevent concussions, but there are steps to help lower the risk.  DO NOT lead with your head.  Make sure your helmet is properly inflated, screws and facemask are secure.  Mouthpiece must be worn and intact. If it is chewed up get a new one.