By Alyssa Epstein Индустриализация в России

  Stalin gains total control over Russia  Period of large scale industrialization  Inherits New Economic Plan (NEP) from Lenin  State control of production, trade, and communication  State control of all large enterprise  Factories, mines, railways Сталин приходит к власти

 Government takes control of agriculture  Collective farms – kolkhoz  Decree of February 1930 forces about one million peasants off their land  Sought to increase agriculture in order to feed the rapidly growing urban areas of Russia  Wanted to export excess grain for money to use for heavy industrialization Пятилетний план

 Stalin focused industrialization efforts on heavy industry: 1. Iron 2. Coal 3. Automobile factories 4. Heavy machine/tractor factories  No focus on light industry  Everyday necessities not readily available Лёгкая и тяжёлая промышленность

 Peasants were forced to give up their privately owned land  Forced to work on collective farms  Forced to sell their product to the state at low prices created by the state  Failed to help economy  Created a drastic drop in farming productivity and led to famine Коллективизация сельского хозяйства

 Bad weather and massive confiscation of grain created a serious famine  Several million peasants died  Deteriorating conditions in the country drove peasants to the cities  Helped fuel industrialization  Increased Russia’s urban population Трудные условия

 Wealthier peasants  Strong opposed state control of agriculture  Retaliated  Slaughter herds  Burned crops  Destroyed property  Attack officials  Revolts  Many peasants executed Кулаки

 Failure to fulfill the quota of the Five Year Plan would result in treason charges  Miners worked hours a day  Forced labor  Labor camps  Gulags  Corrective labor camps Плохие условия

ГУЛАГ (ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛВНИЕ ЛАГЕРЕЙ)

Заключённые

 Responsible for the huge rise in numbers in the Gulags  Many believe this was due to the economic need for workers  Growth in the labor camp system directly coincided with the peak in Russian industrialization  Prisoners in the camps were assigned distinct economic tasks  Exploitation of natural resources  Industrial construction projects Массовые аресты

Лагеря