Oxana Sinyavskaya, High School of Economics (Moscow) Use of Parental leave policies in the Russian Federation 11th LPR Network seminar 11 th LPR Network seminar, Tallinn, September 18, 2014
Maternity and parental leaves in Russia 11th LPR Network seminar Childbirth Maternity leave 10 weeks Paid Parental leaveUnpaid Parental leave Child 1.5 years oldChild 3 years old 100% wage40% wage Extended to not employed women from 2007 Minimum differentiated by birth order – 2007+
Formal childcare coverage by child’s age 11th LPR Network seminar 2010 Census data Paid leave Unpaid leave
Minimum and maximum parental leave benefits as a percentage of average wage and children subsistence minimum Rosstat data 11th LPR Network seminar
Average size of monthly benefits for care for a child under 18 months RUBEURO In % to children subsistence minimum In % to average wage to insured women (paid parental leave benefits) for the 1st child for the 2nd+ child to not insured women for the 1st child for the 2nd+ child Average monthly benefits to care for children below 18 months, 2012 Social Insurance Fund data 11th LPR Network seminar
Very limited statistical information –Social Insurance Fund data are not often reliable A small number of observations in a limited number of sociological surveys –Russian Generations and Gender Survey, wave 3, 2011 (N=11,174) –Sample of female respondents years old with biological and adopted children from 0 to 35 months in the household (N=374) –Examples from other data (source is indicated) Use of leaves – data problems 11th LPR Network seminar
Duration of leave after the 1 st birth EES th LPR Network seminar
Number of births Number of lump-sum birth grants paid: incl.: to employed women to not employed women Number of monthly benefits for care for a child under 18 months: incl.: to insured women (paid parental leave benefits) for the 1st child for the 2nd+ child to not insured women for the 1st child for the 2nd+ child Number of monthly benefits for care for a child under 18 months Rosstat data, based on SIF 11th LPR Network seminar
Proportion of “paid parental leaves” in total number of benefits for care for a child under 18 months 11th LPR Network seminar Author’s calculation based on Rosstat data, based on SIF
Type of contract Statutory arrangements maternity leave parental leave bothsick leaves Employees, by the type of contract: permanent labor contracts temporary labor contract or subcontract verbal agreement by firm ownership: Private firm / person Public Mixed Total Potential availability of certain statutory arrangements related to childbirth, by type of contract, th LPR Network seminar GGS (from: Sinyavskaya, Billingsley 2014) Does your job provide access to … ?
Female activity status by the age of the youngest child, 2011 GGS, th LPR Network seminar
Proportion of women reported being on leave or receiving leave benefits by the age of the youngest child, 2011 GGS, th LPR Network seminar
Coverage – almost universal (at the expense of extending coverage to not employed) The biggest problem – level of compensation Potential availability of parental leaves – no effect on fertility intentions (due to the size?) (Sinyavskaya, Billingsley 2011) However, using of leaves (not too long) has positive effect on both subsequent fertility and return to employment (Gerber, Perelli-Harris 2012) Conclusions 11th LPR Network seminar