2.5 Transformations and Combinations of Functions
Vertical Shift Up Y=f(x) Y=f(x)+c
Vertical Shift Down Y=f(x) Y=f(x)-c
Horizontal Shift to the Left Y=f(x) Y=f(x+c)
Horizontal Shift to the Right Y=f(x) Y=f(x-c)
Study Tip We know that positive numbers are to the right of zero on a number line and negative numbers are to the left of zero. This positive-negative orientation does not apply to horizontal shifts. A positive number causes a shift to the left and a negative number causes a shift to the right.
Reflection About the x-Axis Y=f(x) Y=-f(x)
Reflection About the y-Axis Y=f(x) Y=f(-x)
Vertical Stretching and Shrinking Graphs
Y=f(x) Y=1/2f(x) Y=2f(x)
Summary of Transformations c represents a positive real number.
The Sum of Functions
The Difference of Functions
The Product of Functions
The Quotient of Functions