Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Blood Ch. 7 The Functions of the Circulatory System Figure 7.1 Circulatory system Transport to and from all cells Digestive system Urinary system Elimination of excess water, salts, metabolic wastes Elimination of food residues, metabolic wastes Food and water intake Water, salts, metabolic waste Respiratory system Oxygen intake Nutrients, salt, water Metabolic waste CO 2 O2O2 Elimination of carbon dioxide The Human Body

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Animation—Blood The Functions of Blood  Transportation  Nutrients, waste, hormones  Regulation  Temperature, water volume, pH  Defense  Against infections and bleeding PLAY

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. The Components of Blood  Plasma (55%)  Water  Electrolytes  Proteins (albumins, globulins, clotting proteins)  Hormones  Gases  Nutrients and wastes  Formed elements (45%)  RBCs  WBCs  Platelets

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Red Blood Cells  Functions: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide  Measurement: hematocrit, hemoglobin  Origin: stem cells  Life span: 120 days in humans  Control of production: erythropoietin

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. White Blood Cells  Functions  Protection from infection  Regulation of the inflammatory reaction  Two Types  Granular: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils  Agranular: lymphocytes and monocytes

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Hemostasis  Three Stages  Vascular spasm: constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow  Platelet plug formation: sealing of the ruptured blood vessel  Coagulation: formation of a blood clot

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Blood Types Determine Blood Compatibility Figure 7.12

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Animation—Blood Types Blood Typing Concepts  Antigen vs. antibody  ABO system  Rh system and Rh factor in pregnancy PLAY

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Blood Disorders  Anemia: reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity  Leukemia: a form of cancer  Multiple myeloma: a form of cancer  Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr virus infection  Septicemia: “blood poisoning”  Thrombocytopenia: reduction in platelet number