Chapter 3 Lessons 3-5 Lesson 3-slides #1-37 Lesson 4-slides #38-67 Lesson 5-slides #68-83
What was the purpose of Columbus’s exploration?
He wanted to find a new route to Asia.
Why did the King/Queen agree to pay for Columbus’s voyage?
They hoped to make money from gold and spices that they hoped Columbus would find.
Where did Columbus first land?
An island in the Carribean Sea which he named San Salvador.
Columbus thought he landed off the coast of Asia. What did he name this land? What did he name its people?
West Indies; Indians
What did the people in the West Indies call themselves and what does their name mean?
Taino which means “good”
What is a small community of people living in a new place?
A settlement
What did Columbus bring to the islands of the Western Hemisphere that had never been there before?
Horses, cows, pigs, wheat, barley, and sugar cane plants.
What is an epidemic?
An outbreak of disease that spreads quickly and affects many people.
In what ways was the arrival of Europeans in the West Indies harmful?
Europeans cut down rain forests on Caribbean islands; many American plants and animals were destroyed; many Taino died from diseases that the Europeans brought over.
What is the movement of plants, animals, and people between the Eastern and Western Hemisphere called?
The Columbian Exchange
What food became important to most Europeans because of the Columbian Exchange?
Potatoes
Pedro Alvarez Cabral explored eastern ____________ and claimed it for ______________.
South America; Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer who made voyages to __________ __________ and the __________.
South America and the Carribean
Vasco Nunez de Balboa was from Spain and sailed to __________ in Central America. He crossed the mountains and reached the __________ _________.
Panama; Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese sailor who sailed for Spain. What ocean did he discover and what does it mean?
The Pacific Ocean which means “peaceful”.
What happened to Magellan and many of his sailors?
Magellan was killed in a battle on an island. Many of his sailors died of disease and starvation.
What does circumnavigate mean?
To sail completely around something.
When Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the world, what did they prove?
That Columbus’s theory about sailing west to Asia was correct.
Spain was excited about the explorations of Columbus and Balboa. What did they hope to gain from their own explorations?
Gold
The Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes led an expedition to ____________.
Mexico
What is a conquistador?
Spanish for “conqueror”
What is an empire?
Many nations or territories ruled by a single group or leader.
Which group of Indians conquered other Indian nations in Mexico?
Aztecs
Who was the Indian woman who joined Cortes to give advice and communicate with the Aztecs in order to conquer them?
Malinche
Who was the Aztec ruler?
Moctezuma
What made Tenochtitlan (the Aztec capital) different from other cities?
It was twice as big as any European city and was built in the middle of a lake.
Cortes fought with the Aztecs and finally conquered them. What did he name the land in Mexico that he gained?
New Spain
Who was the first conquistador to reach the land that is now the United States?
Juan Ponce de Leon
Juan Ponce de Leon claimed __________ for Spain. What was he looking for?
Florida; the “fountain of youth”
Who was the first European explorer to reach the Mississippi River?
Hernando do Soto
What was the conquistador Francisco Vasquez de Coronado looking for on his expedition into North America?
He was looking for cities of gold that he had heard about in legends
Coronado’s soldiers were the first Europeans to see the __________ __________ in Arizona.
The Grand Canyon
What were some obstacles that Spanish conquistadors faced during their travels?
Long distances to travel, bad weather, and starvation.
What is a colony?
An area of land ruled by another country.
What did Spanish settlers do in New Spain?
They started towns, farmed land, and built gold and silver mines.
Spanish colonists built missions in the America’s. What is a mission?
Religious settlements or communities where priests taught Christianity.
What other countries besides Spain were trying to claim land in North America?
England, France, Holland (Dutch), and Russia
What did Spain have to build in order to protect Spanish claims and guard themselves against attacks?
forts called “presidios”
What settlement did Pedro Menendez de Aviles start in Florida?
St. Augustine
What settlement did Juan de Onate start in the southwestern United States?
Santa Fe
What settlement did Junipero Serra start in California?
San Diego