The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia Section 3: European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia Witness History Audio: Gunfire Over Malacca Portugal Builds an Eastern Empire The Portuguese gained footholds in southern India; After Vasco da Gama’s voyage, Afonso de Albuquerque burst into the Indian Ocean By this time, Muslim rulers, originally from central Asia, had established the Mughal empire They seized the island of Goa and the East Indies port of Malacca; Albuquerque did this by burning coastal towns and destroying the Arab fleets at sea They massacred the city of Malacca’s Muslims Portugal then controlled the spice trade for most of the 1500s. In less than 50 years, the Portuguese had built their trading empire with military and merchant outposts Portuguese impact was limited due to a lack of resources and too much resistance from the local populations. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What do these descriptions suggest about Malaysians’ experience with gunfire up to that time?” (They suggest that Malaysians had not experienced gunfire before, and thus described it with words from their natural surroundings.) When showing Color Transparency 87, use the lesson suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. When showing Color Transparency 86, explain that the man shown is a merchant of the Dutch East India Company. Have students look for details that give clues to the rise of European merchants in South and Southeast Asia. 1 of 7

The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia Section 3: European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia The Rise of the Dutch The Dutch were the first people to challenge Portuguese domination of the Asian trade The Netherlands rose to become a powerful force in Asian-European trade. Their strategic settlement at Cape Town, helped establish a secure foothold in the region The Dutch East India Company was formed by a group of wealthy merchants From the beginning they had sovereign powers, unlike the Portuguese who were tightly controlled by their government. Dutch East India Company had the power to build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory The Dutch took Malacca from the Portuguese in 1641 and opened trade with China Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What do these descriptions suggest about Malaysians’ experience with gunfire up to that time?” (They suggest that Malaysians had not experienced gunfire before, and thus described it with words from their natural surroundings.) When showing Color Transparency 87, use the lesson suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. When showing Color Transparency 86, explain that the man shown is a merchant of the Dutch East India Company. Have students look for details that give clues to the rise of European merchants in South and Southeast Asia. Color Transparency: The Wreck of the Flor De la Mar 2 of 7

The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia Section 3: European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia They monopolized trade with the Spice Islands. The Dutch trading empire started to decline in the 1700s with the growing power of England and France. Still, the Dutch maintained an empire in Indonesia until the 1900s. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What do these descriptions suggest about Malaysians’ experience with gunfire up to that time?” (They suggest that Malaysians had not experienced gunfire before, and thus described it with words from their natural surroundings.) When showing Color Transparency 87, use the lesson suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. When showing Color Transparency 86, explain that the man shown is a merchant of the Dutch East India Company. Have students look for details that give clues to the rise of European merchants in South and Southeast Asia. Note Taking Transparency 108 2 of 7

The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia: Section 3 Color Transparency 87: The Wreck of the Flor de la Mar 4 of 7

The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia: Section 3 Note Taking Transparency 108 European Exploration in South and Southeast Asia Portugal Builds a rim of trading outposts and controls spice trade between Europe and Asia. Makes efforts to convert people to Christianity. Netherlands Establishes Cape Town and gains a secure foothold in the region. Forms the powerful Dutch East India Company. Spain Takes over the Philippines, a key link to its empire. Converts the Filipinos to Christianity. Britain Establishes the British East India Company. Drives the French from India and dominates there. 5 of 7