CISB113 Fundamentals of Information Systems Data Management

Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Describe database and how it is used to retrieve information for decision making. Describe common terms in the studies of database

Looking at data, information and knowledge (again..) DataInformationKnowledge A “given” fact; a number, a statement, or a picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of information On its own is not meaningful. e.g. Lim C Instructor Data that was converted into meaningful and useful context for end users e.g. students results An understanding or a familiarity develop from looking/studying the information, can lead to decision making e.g. It seems that Dr Davidson is probably doing a better teaching job compared to Dr Jacobs

Database IT applications/IS cannot be done without using some kind of data Businesses run on data that have been processed to information and knowledge Data is stored in database Data stored in database will be used to generate information to support day to day business process and/or business decision making

Database – the common terms A Database: – A collection of interrelated data Database Management System (DBMS) is: – A software system designed to store, manage, and facilitate access to databases. E.g. Oracle, DB2, SQL Server

By using this database, you can examine the Sales table to find that 5 bolts have been purchased. Then you can check the Order table to find out that the purchase is done by Customer Id AAA002. Then you can check the Customer table to find out that Customer Id AAA002 is actually Samantha Jones Database – The basic idea

Database Elements File or table – A group of related records – Database stores data in table Table : User

Database Elements Field or data item – Represents an attribute (characteristic) of entities (object, person, place, event) – The column in a table – Data Record – Grouping of all the fields used to describe the attributes of an entity – The row in a table – Information

Database Elements Data Type - A data type defines what kind of value a column/field can contain. Done through DBMS. It is a classifying to determine the types of data. E.g. alphanumeric, numbers, currency, dates

Types of Database

Operational Database : A database that stores data/information collected from the day to day business operation. Data Warehouse : A collection of integrated databases designed to support DSS functions, where each unit of data is non-volatile. It is maintained separately from the organization’s operational database Data mart : Smaller data warehouse focuses on a particular subject or department. It is a subset of data warehouse/departmental data warehouse. Types of Database

Business Intelligence Business Intelligence Process

A process that uses sophisticated, advanced data manipulation technology to extract and identify useful information and subsequent knowledge from large database A major step in managerial decision making today is forecasting or estimating the results of different alternative courses of actions Data in data warehouses are analyzed to reveal hidden patterns and trends – Market-basket analysis to identify new product bundles – Market-basket analysis over time to identify product bundles in a long run – Target marketing to identify group of potential clients by analyzing pattern and predicting future behavior Data Mining

Entity Relationship Diagram A graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other, typically used in computing in regard to the organization of data within databases or information. To be used in the design of a database for information systems. systems

Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Describe database and how it is used to retrieve information for decision making. Describe common terms in the studies of database

Describe database Identify the common data elements in a database Explain data warehouse Explain data mart Explain business intelligence Explain data mining Explain ERD Exercise

Questions?