Industrial Uses of Enzymes Washing powders food manufacture Drink manufacture

What are enzymes? Enzymes are _______ found in living cells which act as biological _______. Enzymes have a specific _______ which means they can only work on ____reaction each. Enzymes work best at a particular temperature called the _______ temperature. Above this temperature the enzymes are ________(or denatured). This is because their ________ is changed. Enzymes also work best at an optimum ______. pH one proteins optimumdestroyed catalysts shape

Fermentation Yeast (a micro-organism) contains enzymes which change sugar into ethanol (alcohol). A second product of the reaction is carbon dioxide. Uses of fermentation include: Brewing Making wine Bread making

Fermentation is a chemical reaction. Glucose (sugar) Ethanol(alcohol) + carbon dioxide yeast C 6 H 12 O 6 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2

Cheese   Milk is heated to 70 C for 30 minutes to kill harmful bacteria. This is called pasteurisation.   After cooling to 30 C useful bacteria are added.   These bacteria produce an enzyme which changes lactose into lactic acid.   This makes the milk turn sour.   Rennet is added which contains the enzyme rennin. This makes the milk curdle.   The lumps are called curds and these are the basis for cheese.   Other bacteria or fungi are added to ripen the cheese. This gives each type of cheese its characteristic smell and flavour.

Washing Powders Enzymes in the washing powders are used to digest some stains. Proteases would remove protein stains such as blood. Lipases would remove fat stains and cellulases remove loose bobbles