Cultural Conflicts Chapter 13, Section 3

Frances Willard: 1882: organized the Prohibition Party 1882: organized the Prohibition Party President of the National Women’s Temperance Union President of the National Women’s Temperance Union *Advocated women’s suffrage, fought to ban alcohol, & improved working conditions in factories *Advocated women’s suffrage, fought to ban alcohol, & improved working conditions in factories *Temperance=social movement to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption.

*PROHIBITION, Goals: 1. Eliminate drunkenness & domestic abuse 2. Get rid of saloons, which promote other evils 3. Prevent absenteeism from work *18 th Amendment = The manufacture, sale, or distribution of alcohol is illegal.

The illegal sale of alcohol. The illegal sale of alcohol. *Name came from people hiding alcohol in their boot. *Name came from people hiding alcohol in their boot.

*SPEAKEASIES “Speak quietly & easily” “Speak quietly & easily” *Bars that operated illegally or *Bars that operated illegally or ‘underground’ Speakeasies became very popular. Speakeasies became very popular. Alcohol consumption & sales actually increased during prohibition! Alcohol consumption & sales actually increased during prohibition!

SPEAKEASIES

*RISE OF ORGANIZED CRIME Bootlegging became more profitable than crime! Bootlegging became more profitable than crime! *Prohibition led to a rise in organized crime. *Prohibition led to a rise in organized crime. Organizations would clash in attempts to gain new territory. Organizations would clash in attempts to gain new territory.

ORGANIZED CRIME The use of machine guns & sawed off shotguns turned the streets into battlegrounds. The use of machine guns & sawed off shotguns turned the streets into battlegrounds. Bootlegging led to gambling, prostitution, & racketeering. Bootlegging led to gambling, prostitution, & racketeering.

AL CAPONE “Scarface”-most notorious Chicago gangster “Scarface”-most notorious Chicago gangster Made $60 million a yr bootlegging Made $60 million a yr bootlegging FBI, created by J Edgar Hoover, convicted Capone of tax evasion FBI, created by J Edgar Hoover, convicted Capone of tax evasion Bootlegging remains an issue Bootlegging remains an issue

What amendment outlawed the sale, possession, or consumption of alcohol in the United States?

*RELIGION vs EVOLUTION *The teaching of Evolution began a heated debate during the 1920’s because it contradicted the Bible’s account of creation Evolution-idea that humans developed humans developed from simpler species

Fundamentalists vsOpposition - Supported traditional-Science & Technology teachings of Jesus role was larger in teachings of Jesus role was larger in society after WW1 society after WW1 -Believed that since God-War & other problems created the Bible, it caused people to created the Bible, it caused people to could not contain question God’s role could not contain question God’s role contradictions (errors) in their life contradictions (errors) in their life -Bible was written by humans & thus contains historical inaccuracies humans & thus contains historical inaccuracies

EVOLUTION & SCOPES TRIAL Fundamentalists challenged the right to teach Evolution in schools. Tennessee banned the teaching of Evolution in schools Tennessee banned the teaching of Evolution in schools John Scopes, high school teacher, was convinced by the ACLU to challenge the Law as Unconstitutional John Scopes, high school teacher, was convinced by the ACLU to challenge the Law as Unconstitutional He was arrested & fined for defying the law He was arrested & fined for defying the law

*C. DARROW vs W.J. BRYAN *Clarence Darrow(defense for teacher) put William Jennings Bryan (prosecuter) on trial, questioning the validity of the Bible *Clarence Darrow(defense for teacher) put William Jennings Bryan (prosecuter) on trial, questioning the validity of the Bible Bryan admitted he did not believe all of the Bible ‘literally’ Bryan admitted he did not believe all of the Bible ‘literally’ The case was a setback for the fundamentalists The case was a setback for the fundamentalists Bryan died a few days after the trial & the Fundamentalists movement remains Bryan died a few days after the trial & the Fundamentalists movement remains

True / False 1. Bootlegging occurred due to the 17 th Amendment? Amendment? 2. Speakeasies were illegal bars during the prohibition era? prohibition era? 3. The Scopes Trial proved evolution to be true? 4. Flappers were rebelling against the older generations?

Racial Tensions Violence against African Americans increased due to the Great Migration Violence against African Americans increased due to the Great Migration Summer 1919, known as ‘Red Summer’ due to the bloodshed between African Americans & whites Summer 1919, known as ‘Red Summer’ due to the bloodshed between African Americans & whites Most of the violence was committed by the KKK Most of the violence was committed by the KKK The Klu Klux Klan terrorized African Americans, Catholics, Jews, & other immigrants The Klu Klux Klan terrorized African Americans, Catholics, Jews, & other immigrants Drew most of its support from the lower middle classes & low class Drew most of its support from the lower middle classes & low class

*GARVEYISM Marcus Garvey-Jamaican born Civil Rights Activist Marcus Garvey-Jamaican born Civil Rights Activist *Promoted ‘Black Nationalism’& inspired later generations with call for Black Pride *Promoted ‘Black Nationalism’& inspired later generations with call for Black Pride *Controversial figure: *Controversial figure: - promoted a segregated American society - promoted a segregated American society - ‘Back to Africa’ movement - ‘Back to Africa’ movement Considered a ‘religious prophet’ Considered a ‘religious prophet’ by the Rastafarians by the Rastafarians

Marcus Garvey - Convicted & jailed for fraud involving his Black Star Line (shipping line to take Africans back to Africa) -W.E. DuBois called him, “the most dangerous enemy of the Negro race in America and in the world. He is either a lunatic or a traitor.” -Sat down with the KKK “We are men; we have souls, we have passions, we have feelings…like any other race in the world. The cry is raised all over the world today of America for the Americans, of England for the English…do you think it is unreasonable that we, the blacks of the world, should raise the cry of Africa for Africans?

1. Identify the 18 th amendment. 2. What were speakeasies? 3. Did alcohol consumption increase or decrease as a result of prohibition? 4. Why did some states ban the teaching of evolution? 5. What was the Great Migration? 6. What did M Garvey call his people to do? 7. What issues made Garvey controversial?