Topic: Plants Aim: What are seed plants? Do Now: Describe something you have planted.

What are some different types of plants? Plants without seeds Plants with seeds

What are seed plants? Plants that are made of vascular tissue and produce seeds ANGIOSPERM: seeds have protective outer covering (flowering plants) GYMNOSPERM: seeds do not have protective outer covering (pine cones) What is vascular tissue? Do humans have vascular tissue?

What is vascular tissue? Tubes that transport water, food, and other materials throughout the body of a plant Two types of vascular tissue: Xylem Phloem

What are Xylem? Vascular tissue that carries water and minerals UP the plant Materials travel from the roots → → leaves Consist of thick cell walls for support Where do xylem begin? Why would xylem have thick cell walls?

What are Phloem? Vascular tissue that carries food throughout the plant Food travels up and down Why would food travel up and down?

How have plants adapted to live on land? Support the leaves and other parts so they do not collapse Obtain water and minerals Transport food, water, minerals, and other materials throughout the plant Prevent excess water loss to the environment Get sperm and egg cells together for reproduction How do plants not collapse? Obtains water and minerals? Transport food etc throughout the plant? How do plants prevent water loss? How do sperm and egg cells get together?

Aim: What are roots and stems? Do Now: Fill in the table: Topic: Plants Aim: What are roots and stems? Do Now: Fill in the table: VASCULAR TISSUE FUNCTION

What are the parts of a plant? ROOTS: Anchor plants Absorb water and minerals from the ground Store food for plants

What are the parts of a root? Root hairs: increase surface area though which plants take in water and minerals from the soil Epidermis: outermost layer Cortex: stores food; carries water to the xylem Root tip: tip of the root Growth tissue: behind the root cap where new cells grow

What are the parts of a plant? STEMS: Contain xylem and phloem Hold the leaves of a plant up in the air (to get sunlight) Different sizes (trunk, branches, twigs) Why would the leaves of a plant be in the air?

STEMS

How many different types of stems do plants have? HERBACEOUS PLANTS: Green and soft stems (sunflowers and grass) WOODY STEMS: Stems contain wood Layers of xylem that form when a stem grows thicker (roses and maple trees)

Aim: How do leaves help the plant survive? Topic: Plants Aim: How do leaves help the plant survive? Do Now: What is the purpose of root hair? Pick another part of the plant and explain its function using a complete sentence.

What are the parts of a plant? LEAVES: Site of photosynthesis Chlorophyll is found in the plant cells of leaves Leaves contain two parts: Blade: thin, flat part of a leaf that is exposed to sunlight Stalk: connects the leaf to the stem

How many different types of leaves do plants have? SIMPLE LEAF: Blade is in one piece COMPOUND LEAF: Blade is divided into leaf like parts (palms and roses)

How do plants eat? Photosynthesis

What is photosynthesis? Process in which plants use sunlight (energy) to produce glucose (food) Form of autotrophic nutrition – the ability to make food Occurs in chloroplasts

What is the equation for photosynthesis? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Raw materials Products sunlight chlorophyll Waste – Into air GLUCOSE Where does the oxygen go?

What is the structure of a leaf? Cuticle: waxy cover that prevents water loss Epidermis: outer layer of cells Mesophyll: Palisade layer – long, thin cells tightly packed together; contains chloroplasts; WHERE MOST PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS Spongy layer – contains air spaces that allow carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor to move around If the palisade layer contains chloroplasts what must occur here?

What is the structure of a leaf? Stomates: openings in the epidermis that allow carbon dioxide in and water vapor and oxygen out of the plant Guard cells: cells that surround and control the opening and closing of stomates Veins: contain xylem and phloem

Leaf Cross Section D. K. C. Xylem I. Vein E. F. G. A. Guard Cells H. Phloem F. B/J. Stomata A. Guard Cells G.

Aim: What is transpiration and tropism? Topic: Plants Aim: What is transpiration and tropism? Do Now: In what layer of the leaf does photosynthesis occur? Explain why it occurs in this layer?

How does water leave the plant? TRANSPIRATION: The process in which water leaves the plant through the stomates Where does most water leave the leaf from? Where are most stomates and guard cells found?

What is Tropism? TROPISM: growth of plants toward, or away, from a stimulus PHOTOTROPISM: moves toward the light GRAVITROPISM: grow downward toward gravity gravitropism What part(s) of the plant are effected by phototropism? Gravitropism? phototropism

Gravitropism in motion. Grav01.rm

Topic: Plants/Reproduction Aim: What is the structure of the flower? Do Now: Why do plants have flowers?

Sexual Reproduction in Flowers: What is the structure of a flower? Petals: colored leaves that attract insects for pollination Sepals: green leaves used for protection

What are the male parts of the flower? Stamen: male reproductive organ Anther – produces pollen (sperm) Filament – stem holds up anther FILAMENT ANTHER STAMEN

Topic: Plants/Reproduction Aim: How do plants spread their seeds? Do Now: What is the name of the male reproductive organ in the flower? What two structures make up the male reproductive organ? What does each structure do?

What are the female parts of the flower? Pistil: female reproductive organ Stigma – sticky part that catches pollen Style – long tube that brings pollen to ovary Ovary – where eggs are produced and stored Ovules – contain eggs PISTIL

Label the flower and answer the questions! C D E F G H I Petal Stigma Anther Style Ovary Filament Stem Sepal Ovule Structures A and I make up what structure? Structures C, D, E, and G make up what structure? Stamen Pistil

What is pollination? When pollen lands on the stigma Two types: Self pollination – pollen from one flower lands on the stigma of the same flower Cross pollination – pollen from one flower lands on the stigma of another flower A B How can a flower become cross pollinated? Insects, wind, humans, etc. What does A represent? What does B represent? A = SELF POLLINATION B = CROSS POLLINATION

Topic: Plants/Reproduction Aim: How does a flower reproduce? Do Now: What is the name of the female reproductive organ in a flower? List the structures that make up the female reproductive organ and explain their functions.

How does a flower reproduce? Pollen lands on stigma (pollination) Pollen tube grows down through the style and carries pollen to ovary Sperm fertilizes egg in ovule Ovule develops into a seed that contains the embryo Ovary develops into fruit

Ovary turns into the fruit, Ovule turns into the seed Seeds

What are the parts of seeds? Seed coat: protects the embryo Embryo: will develop into the plant Cotyledon: Stored food for the embryo Seed Coat Embryo Cotyledon What is in the middle of the seed? Why?

Topic: Plants/Reproduction Aim: What can we learn by observing the parts of the flower? Do Now: Explain the function of each part of the seed. What parts of the flower develop into the fruit and seed?