Acids Lesson 4 Acid and Base Definitions

Acid and Base Definitions Bronsted Arrhenius Acid Base Acid Base proton donor proton acceptor ionizes to H+ ionizes to OH-   Strong means completely. Weak means partially.

Definitions   1. Strong Arrhenius Acid-    completely ionizes in water to H+ HCl  H+ + Cl- 2. Strong Bronsted Acid- completely donates a proton to a base HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

3. Strong Arrhenius Base-      completely ionizes in water to OH- KOH  K+ + OH- 4. Strong Bronsted Base- completely accepts a proton from an acid NH2- + H2O  NH3 + OH-

5. Weak Arrhenius Acid-      partially ionizes in water to H+ HF ⇄ H+ + F- 6. Weak Bronsted Acid- partially donates a proton to a base HF + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + F-

7. Weak Arrhenius Base-      partially ionizes in water to OH- Zn(OH)2 ⇄ Zn2+ + 2OH- 8. Weak Bronsted Base- partially accepts a proton from an acid NH3 + H2O ⇄ NH4+ + OH-

Acids Bases Is NH3 an acid or a base in water? Base- it is closer to the strong bases than strong acids

Memorize the following   NH3 is a weak base when in water NH4+ is a weak acid H2O is an acid when with a base and a base when with an acid and is amphiprotic H2O is always neutral when pure Write a reaction showing water acting as an base H2O + HIO3 ⇄ NH4+ + OH- Write a reaction showing water acting as a acid H2O + NH3 ⇄ H3O+ + IO3-

Acid Anhydride Means an Acid without water Add water and you get an acid They are nonmetal oxides Add water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify   SO2 + H2O  H2SO3 CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 N2O5 + H2O  H2N2O6  2HNO3

     Cl2O7 + H2O  H2Cl2O8  2HClO4 C2O3 + H2O  H2C2O4  H2I2O6  2HIO3 I2O5 + H2O

Basic anhydride Means a base without water Add water and you get a base- OH style They are metal oxides Add water Add the H's and O's Make a base- start with a metal K2O + H2O    2KOH CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 Na2O + H2O  2NaOH BaO + H2O  Ba(OH)2

Classify each formula and write an equation. strong acid weak acid strong base weak base acid anhydride basic anhydride. HNO3 CO2 Mg(OH)2 H2C2O4 Strong acid HNO3  H+ + NO3- Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3- Strong Base Mg(OH)2  Mg2+ + 2OH- H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4- Weak Acid

Classify each formula and write an equation. strong acid weak acid strong base weak base acid anhydride basic anhydride. Rb2O Basic Anhydride Rb2O + H2O  2RbOH RbOH  Rb+ + OH- NH2- Strong base NH2- + H2O  NH3 + OH- CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH- NaOH  Na+ + OH- NaOH Strong base