19.4 - 19.6 Groups 2A - 4A Elements.

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Presentation transcript:

19.4 - 19.6 Groups 2A - 4A Elements

Group 2A Alkaline Earth Metals (M) ns2 M2+ cations basic oxides MOH + H2O → M2+ + 2OH-

Beryllium small size, high electronegativity amphoteric Be(H2O)42+ + 2OH- → Be(H2O)2(OH)2 + 2H2O BeCl2 - covalent

2A Applications Ca and Mg human minerals metal alloys “hard” water

Group 3A ns2np1 B- only nonmetal in the group borane - covalent hydrides (no BH3) that are highly reactive Al - metallic properties but covalent bonds (amphoteric) Ga - expands when frozen, largest liquid range for metals, amphoteric

Group 4A ns2np2 can form four covalent bonds with nonmetals C=life forms π bonds: carbon backbones CO, CO2, C3O2 Si = abundant semimetal semiconductors, alloys, etc

Sample Exercise Calculate the amount of time required to produce 1.oo x 103 kg of Mg by electrolysis of molten MgCl2 using a current of 1.00 x 102 A. faraday = 96485 C mol e- A = C/s

19.2 Practice What mass of barium is produced when molten BaCl2 is electrolyzed by a current of 2.50 x 105 A for 6.00 hrs? faraday = 96485 C mol e- A = C/s

19.3 Practice Ga2O3 is an amphoteric oxide, and In2O3 is a basic oxide. Write equations for the reactions that illustrate these properties.

19.4 Practice (Bio!) The fermentation of glucose produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. Write a balanced equation for this process.