Theodore Roosevelt President: Took over after McKinley assassinated, left for Taft to take over, ran again in 1912 as 3 rd Party

The Square Deal "We must see that each is given a square deal…" “When I say I believe in a square deal I do not mean [that it is] possible to give every man the best hand…. All I mean is that there shall not be any crookedness in the dealing…. We must treat each man on his worth and merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less….

The Three C’s of Square Deal Corporations: Trusts are good and bad. Destroy The bad trusts, keep good ones. Consumer Protection: Safety in foods and medicines For American citizens. Protect the Consumer Conservation: Replenish destroyed resources and Conserve the resources still available

Taking on Corporations Northern Securities Company case: Supreme Court ruled that combining the three companies violated the Sherman Anti- Trust Act Case taken to Supreme Court on Roosevelt’s insistence TR viewed as a trustbuster (enforcer of Sherman) 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike United Mine Workers go on strike, months pass with no end of strike Winter approaching and miners still on strike TR threatened to send in the Army to run the mines if nothing fixed. Arbitration finally agreed upon and miners back to work

Corporation Reforms Hepburn Act: Strengthened ICC ICC to set rates 1906 Hepburn Act: Strengthened ICC ICC to set rates 1906 Bureau of Corporations 1903 Investigate corporations Watch over Trusts forming Bureau of Corporations 1903 Investigate corporations Watch over Trusts forming

Consumer Protection Muckrakers exposed dangers to consumers Poisons in medicinesPoorly prepared food products Passage of Meat Inspection Act Passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act Required labels and contents To be listed on food/drugs Federal inspection of meat Standards in plants

Conservation Efforts Newlands Reclamation Act passed in 1902 Federal funds to pay for conservation projects and efforts Creation of The Sierra Club: founded by John Muir Supported by Teddy Roosevelt TR added millions of acres of land to protected forests Created 5 new national parks

Election of 1912 Teddy Roosevelt: Bull Moose (Progressive) party William Howard Taft: Republican Party Woodrow Wilson: Democrat Party Eugene V. Debs: Socialist Party

New Nationalism vs. New Freedom TR running as a 3 rd Party ensured a Republican loss by splitting Republican voters between him and Taft Debs ran a strong Socialist Party campaign Major ideologies were between TR’s New Nationalism and WW’s New Freedom plans New Nationalism of TRNew Freedom of WW Protect women/children in labor Workman’s compensation New Federal Trade Commission Destroy “BAD” trusts Destroy “ALL” trusts Pro-Small Business Smaller Federal Government

Election Results