© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Ten Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Heart 4 chambers (atrias/ventricles) 4 chambers (atrias/ventricles) Size of a fist Size of a fist Weighs about 1 pound Weighs about 1 pound Function: pump to create pressure for blood movement Function: pump to create pressure for blood movement Location: between the lungs (thorax), 2/3 towards the left midline Location: between the lungs (thorax), 2/3 towards the left midline

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Vascular System Blood vessels Blood vessels Arteries (carry blood away from heart)Arteries (carry blood away from heart) Veins (returns blood to the heart)Veins (returns blood to the heart)

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Heart Beat Stimulation Signal sends impulses from brain to the heart Signal sends impulses from brain to the heart SA node (pacemaker of the heart) creates an electrical impulse SA node (pacemaker of the heart) creates an electrical impulse An electrical impulse spreads from the right side to the left (ECG) An electrical impulse spreads from the right side to the left (ECG) Electrocardiograph measures the cardiac electrical functioning Electrocardiograph measures the cardiac electrical functioning

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Blood Average person has 5 quarts of blood Average person has 5 quarts of blood Functions: Functions: Transport nutrientsTransport nutrients Clotting to prevent blood lossClotting to prevent blood loss Protection against toxins and microorganismsProtection against toxins and microorganisms Regulate body temperatureRegulate body temperature Maintain phMaintain ph Regulate water contentRegulate water content

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Risk factors that cannot be changed: Risk factors that cannot be changed: AgeAge Male GenderMale Gender HeredityHeredity

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Cardiovascular Risk Factors (cont’d) Risk factors that can be changed: Risk factors that can be changed: Tobacco SmokingTobacco Smoking Physical ActivityPhysical Activity High Blood Cholesterol levelHigh Blood Cholesterol level High Blood pressureHigh Blood pressure Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus Obesity and overweightObesity and overweight

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Forms of Cardiovascular Disease Coronary artery disease Coronary artery disease atherosclerosisatherosclerosis Hypertension Hypertension Stroke Stroke Congenital heart disease Congenital heart disease Congestive heart failure Congestive heart failure Rheumatic heart disease Rheumatic heart disease Peripheral artery disease Peripheral artery disease

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension Weight reduction Weight reduction Physical activity Physical activity Moderation in alcohol use Moderation in alcohol use Sodium restriction Sodium restriction Stress reduction Stress reduction

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Ten Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease