Aim: How was Europe divided during the period of feudalism? Do Now: Review quiz - Chapter 8, sections 1,2 HW: Read Chapter 8, section 3 Extra credit do guided reading or focus questions

Work in Pairs Map work, Peoples of Europe, 800-1100

Summary How was European society affected by the creation of many feudal states?

Aim: How did feudalism represent a response to changing social conditions?   Do Now – Feudal Relationships – Do 1-3 on lined paper   Underline and put notes in margins HW: Chapter 8, section 2

Vocabulary Feudalism – pledge of service in exchange for land – decentralized system based on personal loyalty or bonds Fief – feudal grant, usually of land Vassalage – ties of allegiance Subinfeudation – vassals grant lands to their subordinates (their vassals) Benefice – grant of land/fixed term for service Homage – oath of vassalage

Feudalism and the Manorial System

Feudalism 900s - most Europeans were governed by small, independent leaders in a system called feudalism

Feudalism Lords granted land to lesser nobles (vassals) in return for loyalty, military assistance, and other services

Feudalism The grant of land was called a fief – vassals did not own the land but used it to maintain themselves and their household

A vassal giving homage to his lord Feudalism A vassal could divide the land and grant it to others, thus also becoming a lord A vassal giving homage to his lord

Charlemagne’s family tree Feudalism Fiefs became hereditary, passed from father to eldest son under a system called primogeniture Charlemagne’s family tree

Feudalism Women only had limited property rights but retained control of her dowry if her husband died

Feudalism Local wars between feudal lords were common; large-scale wars were extremely destructive

Feudalism Knights wore chain mail or metal plate armor and were armed with a sword, shield, and lance

Feudalism Wars offered opportunities for glory and wealth for nobles, but caused great suffering and hardship

Medieval Monk, Bishop and Priest Feudalism The church tried to limit suffering by issuing decrees that prohibited certain acts of violence Medieval Monk, Bishop and Priest

Feudalism Feudal justice was decided by trial by battle, oath-taking, or trial by ordeal Trial by the ordeal of fire, where the suspect had to carry a bar of red-hot iron in his hands while he walked nine marked paces. In the unlikely event of no burns appearing on his hand, he was judged innocent.

II. The Manorial System Manors were self-sufficient farming estates shared by lords and peasants (serfs) – manorialism shaped the economic structure

A. Function Western Europe was much more rural than Eastern Europe Manorialism was the economic foundation of feudal society The “open field” system of medieval farming Origin and status of serfdom By 800 AD, nearly 60% of western Europe was enserfed

Serfs paying annual taxes to their lord in cash and with livestock II. The Manorial System Serfs farmed the land and gave crops, services, loyalty, and taxes to the lord Serfs paying annual taxes to their lord in cash and with livestock

II. The Manorial System The life span of a serf was short due to disease, starvation, and war; upper class lives were not luxurious Humans by Era   Neanderthal 20 Upper Paleolithic 33 Neolithic Bronze Age 18 Classical Greece 28 Classical Rome Medieval Britain End of 19th Century Western Europe 37 Current world average 66.12

B. Life in a Medieval Village Living conditions of the serfs Striking lack of privacy for family members Variety of dietary options for peasants The central role of bread in the peasant diet—80% of caloric content

B. Life in a Medieval Village (cont) Center of manorial life was the village church Village church services Life was short and frightening for village peasants Village life was strictly hierarchical Village life was also very communal Village life was always very local

II. The Manorial System Marriage was viewed as a means to advance one’s fortune or the way a man might acquire land

II. The Manorial System By the late 1100s chivalry had begun to bring major changes to feudal society

II. The Manorial System Chivalry was a code of conduct that dictated the knight’s behavior toward others

II. The Manorial System Knights were expected to be courageous, fair, loyal, honest, gallant, and courteous to women