Welcome to Effective Writing 1- CM 107 Unit 4 Seminar

Review: The Heroic Writer’s Journey  Thesis?  Types of Paragraphs?  Academic Writing?  ?s

Discussion Board 4 Respond to the following questions: If you had to choose one factor that influenced Glass’s behavior at The New Republic, what would you pick? Explain why this is the straw that broke his honesty. How could these loopholes have been avoided completely if editors had been more careful with Glass’s work? How much responsibility do you think falls on the editors? Do you think The New Republic will ever regain its reputation? Why or why not?

Unit 4 Seminar: APA, Paraphrasing, and Quoting This week we will discuss APA, why we use it, and how to use it correctly.

What is APA style? A standard, agreed upon way of formatting an academic paper and documenting sources. An expectation of academic writers and of professionals in certain fields. A loyal friend who will make you look good and sound even more intelligent A somewhat boring, but not impossible task that you can learn by copying

What is the purpose of using and documenting sources? Sources are the ways writers obtain additional information for their papers. Sources may be primary: The writer becomes the researcher (e.g., observations, interviews, surveys, personal experience) The writer uses ‘raw data’ (e.g., the U.S. Census) that hasn’t been interpreted by others Sources may be secondary: Scholarly books, peer-reviewed articles, etc. Sources are part of the ongoing dialog within a field of study that will include you. Why document sources? Credit should be given for our work. ‘Intellectual property’ must not be stolen. Writers will be more credible in the view of their audience. [We want that in an academic or job-related context when faculty, supervisors, clients, etc. are evaluating our work, right?]

What’s in it for me? An opinion can’t be wrong, right? Doesn’t my professor/boss/co- worker/client, etc. want to hear what I think? Who’s going to care if I have the citations and references included? Isn’t this just another one of those “English teacher” things? I’m tempted to just not do it. I can’t get marked down outside of a Composition class, right?

What is plagiarism? What is plagiarism and how can it be avoided? Styles of citation- APA, MLA, ASA, AMA. We typically use APA at Kaplan University. Using a good reference for citation.

How are sources integrated into the paper? Introduce the source to your audience with an attributive tag the first time it is used: According to Michael Keathley (2010, September 17), Kaplan University faculty member, students love writing and look forward to the weekly CM 107 audio seminars. Use a mixture of paraphrases, summaries, and direct quotations. Use quotations sparingly and be sure to indicate them with “quotation marks” and page/paragraph numbers. Be sure to make it a smooth transition into and out of the source information.

Title page formatting Header: Title and page number in upper right-hand corner of each page Running head (optional) on the left Center project, author, and course information in two sections of the page. Double-space. See guidelines for formatting document in the APA folder of Doc Sharing as well as ch. 12 of the handbook. Roll the credits 1 Running head: ROLL THE CREDITS Roll the Credits: Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism Maggie Durham Kaplan University CM Professor Smith April 8, 2009

Document formatting and title page Title page: include title of project, author, institution, course, instructor, and due date Double-space and center information on title page Include header and page number in upper right-hand corner Document should be in 12 pt. font, double- spaced, header/page number on each page, first line of each paragraph indented one tab space. Use left justification. Put title on first line of page 2.

APA reference page formatting Start on new page. Use hanging indents. Double-space throughout. Alphabetize by author’s last name (use corporation name or article title if no author is available). End with retrieval date and database or URL for library sources and web sites. Roll the credits 5 References About APA style. (2006). Retrieved January 2, 2007, from APA Web site: Landau, J., Druen, P., & Arcuri, J. (2002). Methods for helping students avoid plagiarism. Teaching of Psychology, 29(2), Retrieved January 2, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database. Segal, C. (2006). Copy this. Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(4), Retrieved December 22, 2006, from Professional Development Collection database. What you need to know about plagiarism. (2006). Retrieved December 22, 2006, from Kaplan University: Forms/ku_plagiarism.pdf. Forms/ku_plagiarism.pdf Villano, M. (2006). Taking the work out of homework. T H E Journal, 33(15), Retrieved January 2, 2007, from Professional Development Collection database.

Begin with the References page:

Reference page formatting Start on a new page, titled Reference(s), centered in upper- and lowercase letters. Include a page header and page number in the upper right-hand corner. Alphabetize by author’s last name. Double-space throughout. Use a hanging indent (1st line of each entry flush left, indent subsequent lines 5-7 spaces). Match with in-text citations. Italicize titles of books and periodicals.

Use the References page to form the in-text citations: In-text citations always use what comes first on the References page entries This is always a name or the first 2-3 words of a title Add the copyright date and page/paragraph number if it is a direct quotation In-text citations are never URLs Make sure that all in-text citations have a complete listing on the References page; make sure that all References page listings have in-text citations Never cite yourself; you’re the author

Why is citation required in two places? Citation is required in two places– as in-text citation and references page citation. Some of the basics of in-text citation. What we need to include for references page citation. Let us get some citation practice.

In-text (parenthetical) citations Require three pieces of information:  Author’s last name  Year  Page number (for direct quotes) (Thompson, 2007, p. 345) (Thompson, 2007) According to Thompson (2007), “50 percent of the population have computers” (p. 345).

Formatting Primarily, it involves the use of 3 pieces of information: 1.Source ID: By author’s last name 2.When: Year of publication 3.Where: Page number EX: (Bass, 2005, pg. 26)

Paraphrasing, summarizing, and direct quotation? What are paraphrasing and summarizing and why are they necessary? What is the correct way to paraphrase and summarize? Why should we use more paraphrasing and summarizing than direct quotes in our papers? When should we use direct quotation? How much of our paper should be directly quoted? Let us get some practice paraphrasing.

Direct Quotation, Summary, and Paraphrase There are three ways to use sources, and all three ways require that you cite the source and give credit for the information used. The three ways are direct quotation. When you cite the source verbatim (word-for-word) you are directly quoting. This usage requires that you not only cite the source parenthetically immediately

Direct Quotation, Summary, and Paraphrase after the quotation, but that you also put the verbatim passages in quotation marks. summary. Whenever you sum up information in a general way, perhaps condensing a paragraph in the source into a sentence in your essay, you are summarizing. This requires a citation in parenthesis immediately following the summary.

Direct Quotation, Summary, and Paraphrase paraphrase. If you take a sentence in the source and put it into your own words--this is more detailed than a summary--you must cite the paraphrase immediately following its use.

Formatting APA format dictates the use of page numbers only when you have included a direct quotation. EX: “Death is not a period that ends the sentence of life, but a comma that punctuates it to more lofty significance. “ (A Testament of Hope, 1991, p. 222)

Formatting A word a bout punctuation: This is a sample internal citation of paraphrased or summarized material (Bass, 2006). * The period comes after the citation for paraphrased or summarized material.

Formatting A word about punctuation “It is our light, not our darkness that frightens us. We ask ourselves, who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, handsome, talented and fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? You are a child of God. Your playing small does not serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking So that other people won’t feel insecure around you.” (1992)

Common source types Books Journal articles Magazine articles Newspaper articles Web sites Interviews Speeches Remember, each source has a specific formatting style!

Book with one author Maslow, A.H. (1974). Toward a psychology of being. Princeton: Van Nostrand.

Journal article Miller, W. (1969). Violent crimes in city gangs. Journal of Social Issues, 21(10), 1-28.

Magazine article McCurdy, H.G. (1983, June). Brain mechanisms and intelligence. Psychology Today, 46,

Newspaper article James, W.R. (1993, November 16). The uninsured and health care. Wall Street Journal, pp. A1, A14.

Internet source (author known) Lynch, T. (1996). DS9 trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved October 8, 1997, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club Web site: ep/503r.html. ep/503r.html

Internet source (author unknown) The Stratocaster appreciation page. (n.d.). Retrieved July 27, 2002, from

Any remaining questions and concerns? Looking at this week’s work.

Thank you for a great seminar! Have a wonderful week!