Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition 2 C H A P T E R INFORMATION SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Summary of this chapter by a video tape clip Present general architecture of IS Role of each IS in an organization Input and output of each IS Operation procedures of IS Interaction of IS with each different stakeholder Others… security

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Chapter Two Information System Building Blocks Differentiate between front- and back-office information systems. Describe the different classes of information system applications (transaction processing, management information, decision support, expert, communication and collaboration, and office automation systems) and how they interoperate to supplement one another. Describe the role of information systems architecture in systems development. Identify three high-level goals that provide system owners and system users with a perspective of an information system. Name three goal-oriented perspectives for any information system. Identify three technologies that provide system designers and builders with a perspective of an information system. Describe four building blocks of the KNOWLEDGE goal for an information system. Describe four building blocks of the PROCESS goal for an information system. Describe four building blocks of the COMMUNICATIONS goal for an information system. Describe the role of network technologies as it relates to Knowledge, Processes, and Communications building blocks.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Chapter Map

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Front- and Back-Office Information Systems Organizations are served by a federation of information systems (not by a single IS). Two perspectives of a federation of IS –Conceptual picture in next slide.. –Front-office information systems: support business functions that extend out to the organization’s customers (or constituents). –Back-office information systems: support internal business operations of an organization, aw well as reach out to suppliers (of materials, equipment, supplies, and services).

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition A Federation of Information Systems

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Information System Applications ( by Costco tape) A collection of applications serves as a foundation for a federation of information systems…… A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes data about business transactions. A management information system (MIS) is an information system that provides for management-oriented reporting based on transaction processing and operations of the organization. A decision support system (DSS) is an information system that either helps to identify decision making opportunities or provides information to help make decisions.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Information System Applications ( by Costco tape) An Executive Information System (EIS) is an information system designed for top-level managers that integrates data from all over the organization into “at-a-glance” graphical indicators and controls. An expert system is an information system that captures the expertise of workers and then simulates that expertise to the benefit of nonexperts. A communications and collaboration system is an information system that enables more effective communications between workers, partners, customers, and suppliers to enhance their ability to collaborate. An office automation system is an information system that supports the wide range of business office activities that provide for improved work flow between workers.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Operational view of Information System Applications

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Information Systems Architecture Information systems architecture –Provide unifying framework for various stakeholders –Highest-level of framework term for understanding different views of the fundamental building blocks (next slide) of an information system. Three ultimate goals of IS –Improve business knowledge -- using Db tech. –Improve business processes and service – using SW tech. –Improve business communications and people collaboration – using interface tech.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Information System Building Blocks

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition KNOWLEDGE Building Blocks

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Views of KNOWLEDGE System owners’ view –Interested in (not raw data) information that adds new business knowledge to make more intelligent and accurate decisions. –identify relevant business entities and rules System users’ view –Actual user of data: tend to focus on the business issues as they pertain to the data (is used to create information and subsequent business knowledge). –Provide details of each entity and rule that was provided by systems owners. Customer: active customer, inactive customer…..

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Views of KNOWLEDGE System designers’ view –technically-oriented view: concerned with DB tech. That will support business knowledge… –Translate users’ data requirements into database designs System builders’ view –Concerned with actual DBMS technology –Represent data in very precise and unforgiving language such as SQL.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition PROCESS Building Blocks

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Views of PROCESS System owners’ view –Concerned with high-level processes called business functions (which support a business) such as accounting, sales, manufacturing, service…. System users’ view –concerned with work that must be performed to provide the appropriate responses to business events –Specify the business process in terms of process requirements for a systems – Continued...

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Views of PROCESS (continued) System designers’ view –Concerned with the application development environment and the SW technology used to develop the system which processes to computerize and how to computerize them –Purchase of off-the-shelf product System builders’ view –Concerned with programming logic that implements computerized processes

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition COMMUNICATION Building Blocks

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Views of COMMUNICATION System owners’ view –Concerned with communications scope of an information system. Who (which business units, employees, customers, and partners) must interact with the system? Where are these business units, employees, customers, and partners located? What other information systems will the system have to interface with? System users’ view –Concerned with the information system’s inputs and outputs. Continued...

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Views of COMMUNICATION (continued) System designers’ view –Concerned with the technical design of both the user and the system-to-system communication interfaces. Interface specifications – technical designs that document how system users are to interact with a system and how a system interacts with other systems. User dialogue – a specification of how the user moves from window to window or page to page, interacting with the application programs to perform useful work. System builders’ view –Concerned with the interface technology they use to implement user and system-to-system communication interfaces. Middleware – utility software that allows application software and systems software that utilize differing technologies to interoperate.

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights reserved Whitten Bentley DittmanSYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS6th Edition Network Technologies and the IS Building Blocks