5 minutes to complete American Spirit P Study the four different interpretations of the Statue of Liberty. Briefly explain which is the most accurate & the least accurate.

America Moves to the City: APUSH Chapter 25 What was the economic and social impact of immigration laws on urban America? What was the economic and social impact of immigration laws on urban America? How did the government respond to the issues created by the Industrial Revolution? How did the government respond to the issues created by the Industrial Revolution?

Characteristics of Urbanization During the Gilded Age 1.Megalopolis. 2.Mass Transit. 3.Magnet for economic and social opportunities. 4.Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core 5.New frontier of opportunity for women. 6.Squalid living conditions for many. 7.Political machines. 8.Ethnic neighborhoods.

Urban Growth:

New Architectural Style New Use of Space New Class Diversity New Energy New Culture (“Melting Pot”) New Form of Classic “Rugged Individualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption Make a New Start New Symbols of Change & Progress The City as a New “Frontier?”

Flatiron Building NYC – 1902

Ellis Island Most of European immigrants entered the U.S. at Ellis Island. Located in NY harbor What were conditions like on Ellis Island?

Melting Pot A mixture of different people, cultures, & races who blended together to form a new culture Term for the post-1880 newcomers who came to America mostly from Southern & Eastern Europe? Why didn’t new immigrants want to give up their native culture? What movement did this contribute to?

Nativism Grew out of increasing numbers of immigrants in the U.S. Favoritism/preference towards native-born Americans What kind of cultural differences could lead to conflict between immigrant & natives? What ethnic group do nativists believe to be superior? Nativist & anti Catholic political party of the late 19 th century?

Chinese Exclusion Act Passed in 1882 it prohibited Chinese immigration for 10 years Later restricted indefinitely What region of the country had strong anti-Asian sentiments? Why?

Where will most immigrants settle? Cities What part of the country are these cities in? Northeast and Midwest Why will they settle in these places? Jobs, cheap housing, family already there What has created new jobs that are available? Industrial Revolution

Urbanization The growth of cities What cities experience rapid growth during the late 19 th century? NYC, Boston, Philly, Chicago What is the Americanization movement? Assimilate all immigrants into mainstream American culture.

Problems with urbanization Housing Transportation Water Sanitation Crime Fire

Housing Not enough affordable housing for all Row houses designed to save space Many families live in crowded single room apartments, or share homes with other families Tenements: multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowded & unsanitary

“Dumbbell” Tenement

“Dumbell “ Tenement, NYC

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived (1890)How the Other Half Lived (1890) P. 104 – 105 in The American SpiritP. 104 – 105 in The American Spirit

Tenement Slum Living

Lodgers Huddled Together

Tenement Slum Living

Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

WCTU Alcohol is a convenient scapegoat for all problems associated with urbanization Women’s Christian Temperance Union movement is formed in 1873 Actions lead passing the 18 th Amendment in 1919 American Spirit P Carrie Nation

What will happen to all the poor, destitute immigrants who can’t provide for themselves? Concerned Americans want to find a solution to the social problems in cities

Settlement Houses Community centers in poor areas that provide assistance, mostly to immigrants Run mostly by middle class, college educated women Provides educational, cultural, & social services

Jane Addams Leader of the Social Gospel Movement Preaches salvation through service to the poor Est. Hull House, a settlement house that provided assistance to people in need

Political Machine Organized group that controlled political parties in the city What did they do? How were they organized? Graft: illegal use of political influence for personal gain Boss Tweed