 Bell Work  What river passes through Linden?  What cities could you visit if you were to put a canoe in at the linden millpond and paddle?  Where would you eventually end up?  Assume that there were no time constraints.

Drainage basin/ Watershed  A drainage basin or Watershed is a region of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river or lake. rain snowriverlakerain snowriverlake  We live in the ____________ Drainage basin/watershed. Drainage basin/watershed.

Shiawassee River Headwaters of the Shiawassee are in Livingston and Oakland county. (Our Area)

 The Shiawassee River is approximately 110 miles long and generally flows in a northerly direction. (Through Linden is E---W)

Chesaning Argentine Linden  It merges together with the Flint, Cass, and the Tittabawassee River‘s to become the Saginaw River which eventually drains into the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron. the Flint, Cass, and the Tittabawassee River‘s to become the Saginaw River which eventually drains into the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron.Saginaw RiverSaginaw BayLake HuronSaginaw RiverSaginaw BayLake Huron Byron Owosso Saginaw

 All rivers in Michigan drain into the Great lakes.

 Bell Work  What are the names of the five Great lakes?  HOMES  Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior

Michigan  Michigan is the only state that borders on 4 of the 5 Great lakes.  “Great lake state”

The Great lakes  6 quadrillion gallons of fresh water.  1/5 of the world's fresh surface water.  Spread evenly across the U.S., the Great lakes would submerge the country under about 9.5 ft of water.

All of the great lakes water is moving through the St. Lawrence seaway and ends in the Atlantic ocean.

Where does the water come from to replace the water lost? All of Michigan rivers (and surrounding states rivers) eventually flow into the Great lakes.

Why did they build these canals??  The Saint Lawrence Seaway(1959) and Canal system(1800’s) opened the Great Lakes to ocean-going vessels. Saint Lawrence SeawaySaint Lawrence Seaway

What formed the Great Lakes? Glaciers repeatedly advanced and retreated over the Great Lakes region from the north and carved out the Great lakes. The first glacier began a million years ago. Up to 2,000 meters (6,500 feet) high. Video Glaciers 3min Video Glaciers 3min Video Glaciers Video Glaciers 3min Video Glaciers

Glaciers  As they slowly moved, glaciers scoured the surface of the earth, carving valleys, making hills and mountains etc.

Environments & Animals  Environments are constantly changing.  As environments change so do species adapted to those environments.  12,000 years ago Michigan was home to different kinds of animals and plants than are around today.

Extinct animals Huge mastodons and mammoths roamed through southern Michigan. Whales, walruses, and giant rodents swam in the lakes, and shaggy musk oxen grazed in the woodlands. Now, 12,000 years later only fossils remain. Mastodon fossils Lennon, Mi Perry, Mi- 2001

 Perry students digging for Mastodon bones in 2001

Michigans state Fossil? Stone? Bird? fish? Fossil- Mastodon Stone- Petoskey Bird- Robin Fish- Brook trout

Invasive species  The Great Lakes have suffered from the introduction of many non-native species. Since 1800s, more than 160 invasive species have invaded the Great Lakes ecosystem, causing severe economic and ecological impacts. invasive speciesinvasive species

Invasive species  Many of these invasive species entered the lakes through the advent of canals in 1800’s.  Earliest was the Sea lamprey in 1820’s

How do the species get here?  1. Swim up canal’s- Ex Sea lamprey  2. Ships' ballast tanks -major cause  From 1959, when the St. Lawrence Seaway opened, through 2000, 36 of 50 nonindigenous aquatic species are attributed to ballast tank water.

How do the species get here?  3. Pet release.  4. Bait buckets(fishing)  5. Shipping containers.

What Effect are these Organisms Having on the Great Lakes?  All Invasive species disrupt the natural food chains of the new ecosystem.  The Main effect that these species have is in out competing native species for resources.

 There is only a certain amount of food, habitat, etc  Others eat native species or their eggs.  Ex- Sea lamprey, zebra mussel, fishhook waterflea

Some Native Fish Species  The invasive fish species are competing with some of these native fish.  Video- Great lakes invasive species 28min Video- Great lakes invasive species 28min Video- Great lakes invasive species 28min