Survey of the Elements: 1. Element structures 2. Oxide structures 3. Cool things about some elements.

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Presentation transcript:

Survey of the Elements: 1. Element structures 2. Oxide structures 3. Cool things about some elements

Structures of the Elements

Metals: Close packing

Number of Bonds Possible:

α-R boron β-R boron γ-boron Allotropes of Boron: linked B 12 icosahedra

Traditional Allotropes of Carbon

New Allotropes of Carbon: Fullerenes C 60

New Allotropes of Carbon: Nanotubes

New Allotropes of Carbon: Graphene

Industrial Production of Diamonds

Why is diamond formed, and not graphite? Reason 1. Reverse Reaction favors Graphite Instability H + diamond  CH4, but slower than CVD diamond growth H + graphite  CH4, but faster than CVD graphite growth Reason 2. Forward Reaction favors Diamond Formation sp 3 C atoms on surface (show structures) slow sp 2 graphite formation. H 2 (g)  2 H(g) H(g) + CH 4 (g)  CH 3 (g) + H 2 (g) CH 3 + C(diamond-H, surface)  Diamond-CH 3 + H