Introduction to Genetics

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Genetics *What is genetics? Brief History of Genetics *Prehistoric Times: Domesticated Animals/Cultivated Plants (~1000 B.C.)

Brief History of Genetics *The Greek Influence (~400-300 B.C.) Hippocrates – pangenesis Aristotle – “vital heat” *Pre-Mendelian Ideas (1600-1850) Blending Inheritance Epigenesis Preformation *Charles Darwin (1859) Natural Selection *Gregor Mendel (1866) Particulate Inheritance

A review of the eukaryotic cell: Elaborately compartmentalized systems *Generalized animal cell *Generalized plant cell

Chromosome duplication and distribution during cell division Review of terms: *Diploid and haploid *Homologous chromosomes

The Mitotic Cell Cycle *Mitotic phase vs. interphase Subphases of interphase: *G1 – first gap *S – synthesis *G2 – second gap

Mitosis Late Interphase Prophase Prometaphase

Mitosis Metaphase Anaphase Telophase *cytokinesis

Cytokinesis: Animal cells Plant cells

Mitosis: Animal Cell

Mitosis: Plant Cell

Sexual vs. Asexual reproduction “budding”

Overview of meiosis: Two consecutive cell divisions *meiosis I *meiosis II AKA: Reduction-Division

Meiosis I Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I

Mitosis and Meiosis Compared: